General News
The Science of Tobacco Harm Reduction

By Lanre Odusile
In the 40 years since Professor Michael Russell, a South African scholar and specialist in the field of smoking behavior, pioneered the logic that smokers smoke for nicotine but are killed by tar, the assertion has largely remained incontrovertible despite the opposition to it in some quarters. This logic has served as a pivot for the concept of tobacco harm reduction (THR) and the arguments in favour of it.

Over time, the logic has spawned various innovations in tobacco consumption, ranging from vaping products to smokeless tobacco, which removes the combustible element and therefore the health risks of tobacco consumption.
A review by Public Health England on e-cigarettes in January 2018 concluded that: “Based on current knowledge, stating that vaping is at least 95% less harmful than smoking remains a good way to communicate the large difference in relative risk unambiguously so that more smokers are encouraged to make the switch from smoking to vaping”.
Similarly, a framework of scientific tests recently developed to assess the reduced-risk potential of vapour products, especially when compared with conventional cigarettes, shows that vapour has a much reduced or no biological impact on human cells in the laboratory, compared with conventional cigarette smoke, depending on the test used.
Notably, the last couple of decades have seen a proliferation of tobacco products that have the potential to serve as a means of reducing the health impact of tobacco consumptions. These products have come to be known as reduced-risk products (RRPs).
The concept of harm reduction is not new or peculiar to tobacco consumption. Its application is found in several policy areas such as alcohol control, illicit drugs, automobile safety, sex education for children, among others.
In the case of THR, the underlying concept is that in addition to interventions aimed at preventing and promoting smoking cessation, it is about providing reduced risks products (RRPs) for those who cannot quit.
While some experts believe that RRPs will reduce the health impact of tobacco consumption, for those who completely switch to them; others caution that RRPs pose the risk of getting non-smokers to use and become addicted to nicotine and tobacco products. Nevertheless, science continues to prove the efficacy of THR towards the objective of reducing harm inherent in combustible tobacco products.
In recent years, there have been policy and regulatory shifts in several markets globally, as science continues to point to the benefits of RRPs as a substitute to smoking.However, even as policy actions and the political will on THR have varied from one country to another, some progressive nations have opted to implement science based policies for THR..
For example, the United Kingdom has in place a balanced regulatory regime that encourages adult smokers to migrate to RRPs while also dissuading youth uptake. Instructively, its position is science-based and also backed by multi-stakeholder groups and particularly public health agencies such as Public Health England (PHE) and the Royal College of Physicians that have, in recent years, made interesting findings on the safety of RRPs and their effectiveness in tobacco cessation.
There are also success stories in countries like Sweden, Norway, Iceland, Japan, and Korea that have embraced RRPs and made significant progress in bringing down their smoking rates by encouraging smokers to switch to these products.
For most African countries, though legislation on conventional tobacco exists there is a near absence or non-existence of legislation on RRPs. Regulatory authorities still see prevention of tobacco consumption as a one size fits all approach to tobacco harm reduction with little or no interest shown on the efficacy of RRPS.
In Nigeria for example, the National Tobacco Control Act 2015, which is the country’s legislative document on tobacco does not adequately cater for these reduced risk products. Evidence shows that countries that are successfully reducing smoking rates with THR have also established separate legislation or policies to guide the use, categorization, and sale of RRPs.
For THR to work, there is a need for effective and balanced regulations which recognise the reduced risk benefits that these alternative products can provide for adult consumers who have made an informed choice to smoke.
Another challenge for Nigeria as well as many other developing economies is the level of awareness of RRPs among consumers. In the United States for example, a study by Brose et al., suggests that the daily vaping of e-cigarettes, bolsters the user’s effort to stop smoking or helps reduce the number of cigarettes smoked. The same cannot be said about Nigeria where combustible cigarette consumption remains popular.
It is gratifying that more and more governments and regulators, all over the world, are increasingly becoming aware of the effectiveness of safer alternatives, not only in reducing the health impact of tobacco consumption, but also as an effective strategy for smoking cessation.
Therefore, it is hoped that the Nigerian Government will embrace tobacco harm reduction as a public health strategy. RRPs, according to experts, present a more realistic, pragmatic, consumer-oriented, and science-based approach to accelerate tobacco control and smoking cessation.
Odusile is a public health communication specialist
General News
NCDC Raises Alarm over Lassa Fever Ravaging 18 States in Nigeria

Nigeria Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (NCDC) has raised alarm over ravage of Lassa fever cases across 18 states and 67 Local Government Areas (LGAs) of the country.

Dr Jide Idris, director-general of NCDC, in statement yesterday, said that Bauchi, Ondo, Taraba, Edo and Benue accounted for more than 80 per cent of confirmed cases recorded during the 2026 peak transmission season.
Idris, described as particularly worrisome the growing infections among healthcare workers, with 28 confirmed cases and three deaths reported so far this season.
NCDC attributed the sustained transmission and rising fatalities to operational gaps at the state level, urging urgent action to strengthen outbreak response and control measures.
According to Idris, field investigations showed most transmissions were occurring in known endemic areas, but weak implementation of established response frameworks had contributed to the continued spread and higher case fatality rate.
He said that gaps identified include infections in general outpatient and maternity settings, poor adherence to Infection Prevention and Control (IPC) protocols, and inadequate pre-positioning of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE).
He added that delayed patient presentation due to financial barriers, inconsistent activation of State Incident Management Systems, weak contact tracing, persistent stigma and poor isolation centre standards were also driving transmission.
Idris emphasised that outbreak response implementation and health service delivery fell primarily under state governments within Nigeria’s federal structure, urging them to strengthen accountability and resource allocation.
He called on affected and high-risk states to urgently activate and closely monitor their Incident Management Systems, ensuring timely coordination and efficient outbreak response at all levels of healthcare delivery.
He also urged the immediate release of response funds, strict enforcement of Infection Prevention and Control (IPC) compliance in public and private health facilities, and continuous availability of PPE and other critical supplies.
The NCDC boss also advocated accelerated financial protection mechanisms to reduce late presentation and high fatality rates, alongside institutionalised rodent control and environmental sanitation measures under a One Health approach.
He advised healthcare workers to maintain a high index of suspicion and adhere strictly to IPC guidelines.
He also urged the public to keep environments clean, prevent rodent entry into homes, store food safely and seek early medical care when symptoms appeared.
Idris noted that Lassa fever was treatable, with improved outcomes when detected early, adding that Nigeria was also responding to other epidemic-prone diseases including Cerebrospinal Meningitis, Diphtheria, Mpox and Cholera.
He reiterated NCDC’s toll-free emergency line, 6232, for reporting suspected cases and obtaining further information
General News
Lagos Deploys Drones, AI to Boost Traffic Response
The Lagos State Traffic Management Authority (LASTMA) has deployed a number of real-time digital solutions, including surveillance drones, GPS-enabled patrol vehicles, and automatic incident detection software.
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The agency has also established a central command and control centre to reduce emergency response times and improve traffic safety throughout Lagos.
According to the agency, the digital transition will replace manual reporting and fragmented coordination with an integrated, data-driven platform capable of instantaneously detecting, verifying, and dispatching responders to crashes and breakdowns.
According to general manager Olalekan Bakare-Oki, LASTMA, body cameras, mobile data terminals, and toll-free hotlines now feed into a unified operations hub that gives real-time visibility of traffic situations across the state.
Incidents detected by digital surveillance are validated in real time and dispatched to the nearest patrol team using GPS tracking, while officers are instructed via modern communication devices.
According to the agency, the system has eliminated delays caused by poor event reporting and logistical constraints, enabling faster diversions, quicker clearance of accident scenes, and better coordination with medical and security agencies.
Field commanders and rescue teams now operate on synchronised data networks, allowing immediate decisions that reduce secondary crashes and prolonged congestion.
According to LASTMA’s 2025 operational summary, the agency rescued 1,075 people from crash scenes, and impounded 17,169 vehicles for various traffic violations across Lagos through its toll-free hotline.
These figures reflect how timely reporting and coordinated response have already reduced secondary accidents and eased congestion, according to the agency.
It went on to it achieved this with the toll-free reporting system, body cameras, and field coordination networks but with the newly deployed suite of smart technologies, the agency’s impact is poised to multiply.
Bakare-Oki said the upgrade aligns with the state’s smart-city agenda, positioning LASTMA as a technology-enabled public safety agency and laying the groundwork for faster, more reliable mobility management on Lagos roads.
General News
Purple Woman 3.0 Is Back, to Empower Women in Tech this IWD 2026

This International Women’s Day 2026, the world is saying “Give to Gain.” PalmPay is turning this message into action by empowering young women with the skills and resources to thrive in today’s fast evolving economy.

The PalmPay Purple Woman 3.0 is a 3-Day Digital Financial & Technology Masterclass created to bridge the gender gap in tech. The program is designed to equip women with practical, job ready skills while also providing job opportunities for career growth.
Launched in 2024, the Purple Woman initiative has impacted 150 women in specialized fields, including Data Analysis, Software Engineering, and Product Management, with learning resources and hands-on skills to launch them into the competitive job market.
From March 5–7, 2026, 100 women aged 18–30 will be selected through a competitive application process to participate in this year’s cohort. Over three immersive days, participants will receive hands-on training from industry experts in digital finance and technology.
And it doesn’t end there.
Ten outstanding participants will secure a 3-6month internship with PalmPay, gaining practical fintech experience that can shape their professional journey.
For participants of this initiative, the Purple Woman Program isn’t just about learning new skills, it’s about building networks, gaining confidence and unlocking bigger opportunities that will positively impact the trajectory of their careers.
For more information about the Purple Woman initiative, visit @PalmPayappng
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