General News
The Science of Tobacco Harm Reduction

By Lanre Odusile
In the 40 years since Professor Michael Russell, a South African scholar and specialist in the field of smoking behavior, pioneered the logic that smokers smoke for nicotine but are killed by tar, the assertion has largely remained incontrovertible despite the opposition to it in some quarters. This logic has served as a pivot for the concept of tobacco harm reduction (THR) and the arguments in favour of it.

Over time, the logic has spawned various innovations in tobacco consumption, ranging from vaping products to smokeless tobacco, which removes the combustible element and therefore the health risks of tobacco consumption.
A review by Public Health England on e-cigarettes in January 2018 concluded that: “Based on current knowledge, stating that vaping is at least 95% less harmful than smoking remains a good way to communicate the large difference in relative risk unambiguously so that more smokers are encouraged to make the switch from smoking to vaping”.
Similarly, a framework of scientific tests recently developed to assess the reduced-risk potential of vapour products, especially when compared with conventional cigarettes, shows that vapour has a much reduced or no biological impact on human cells in the laboratory, compared with conventional cigarette smoke, depending on the test used.
Notably, the last couple of decades have seen a proliferation of tobacco products that have the potential to serve as a means of reducing the health impact of tobacco consumptions. These products have come to be known as reduced-risk products (RRPs).
The concept of harm reduction is not new or peculiar to tobacco consumption. Its application is found in several policy areas such as alcohol control, illicit drugs, automobile safety, sex education for children, among others.
In the case of THR, the underlying concept is that in addition to interventions aimed at preventing and promoting smoking cessation, it is about providing reduced risks products (RRPs) for those who cannot quit.
While some experts believe that RRPs will reduce the health impact of tobacco consumption, for those who completely switch to them; others caution that RRPs pose the risk of getting non-smokers to use and become addicted to nicotine and tobacco products. Nevertheless, science continues to prove the efficacy of THR towards the objective of reducing harm inherent in combustible tobacco products.
In recent years, there have been policy and regulatory shifts in several markets globally, as science continues to point to the benefits of RRPs as a substitute to smoking.However, even as policy actions and the political will on THR have varied from one country to another, some progressive nations have opted to implement science based policies for THR..
For example, the United Kingdom has in place a balanced regulatory regime that encourages adult smokers to migrate to RRPs while also dissuading youth uptake. Instructively, its position is science-based and also backed by multi-stakeholder groups and particularly public health agencies such as Public Health England (PHE) and the Royal College of Physicians that have, in recent years, made interesting findings on the safety of RRPs and their effectiveness in tobacco cessation.
There are also success stories in countries like Sweden, Norway, Iceland, Japan, and Korea that have embraced RRPs and made significant progress in bringing down their smoking rates by encouraging smokers to switch to these products.
For most African countries, though legislation on conventional tobacco exists there is a near absence or non-existence of legislation on RRPs. Regulatory authorities still see prevention of tobacco consumption as a one size fits all approach to tobacco harm reduction with little or no interest shown on the efficacy of RRPS.
In Nigeria for example, the National Tobacco Control Act 2015, which is the country’s legislative document on tobacco does not adequately cater for these reduced risk products. Evidence shows that countries that are successfully reducing smoking rates with THR have also established separate legislation or policies to guide the use, categorization, and sale of RRPs.
For THR to work, there is a need for effective and balanced regulations which recognise the reduced risk benefits that these alternative products can provide for adult consumers who have made an informed choice to smoke.
Another challenge for Nigeria as well as many other developing economies is the level of awareness of RRPs among consumers. In the United States for example, a study by Brose et al., suggests that the daily vaping of e-cigarettes, bolsters the user’s effort to stop smoking or helps reduce the number of cigarettes smoked. The same cannot be said about Nigeria where combustible cigarette consumption remains popular.
It is gratifying that more and more governments and regulators, all over the world, are increasingly becoming aware of the effectiveness of safer alternatives, not only in reducing the health impact of tobacco consumption, but also as an effective strategy for smoking cessation.
Therefore, it is hoped that the Nigerian Government will embrace tobacco harm reduction as a public health strategy. RRPs, according to experts, present a more realistic, pragmatic, consumer-oriented, and science-based approach to accelerate tobacco control and smoking cessation.
Odusile is a public health communication specialist
General News
Cross River State Isolates 10 More Persons with COVID Symptoms

Cross River State Government said it has identified and isolated 10 persons who interacted with a Chinese national who reimported COVID-19 into Nigeria.

Nigeria Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (NCDC) while confirming a case of COVID-19 in the state, assured the public that there is no evidence of widespread transmission.
But, Dr. Inyang Ekpenyong, state epidemiologist, disclosed that the individuals were traced through contact tracing after interacting with the index case (Chinese national) and have since been placed under movement restriction.
“We’ve restricted their movements to their homes, so that they do not spread the symptoms to other persons,” Ekpenyong said, noting that the contacts were under close monitoring by health officials.
She added that surveillance teams had visited the expatriate’s workplace in Akamkpa to track possible exposure and prevent further transmission.
The affected Chinese national is currently receiving treatment at the University of Calabar Teaching Hospital (UCTH), where authorities said he was responding positively.
Ekpenyong reminded residents that COVID-19, despite first emerging about six years ago, has not been eradicated, urging continued adherence to preventive measures.
She advised the public to maintain regular hand sanitisation, use face masks where necessary, and follow public health guidelines issued by experts.
But, Dr. Jide Idris, director general, NCDC, said, “Public health surveillance systems remain active nationwide, and we are working closely with state authorities to ensure early detection and swift response to any case.”
In a statement on Wednesday, Dr. Idris, said there is no cause for alarm, adding that “We are monitoring the situation closely and our response systems are active and working,”.
Earlier, Dr. Henry Egbe Ayuk, state commissioner for Health, confirmed the first case and assured residents that all necessary containment protocols had been activated.
According to Ayuk, the index case involves a 53-year-old Chinese national who arrived in Nigeria on March 17 and later developed symptoms while in Akamkpa.
He explained that the patient’s condition worsened while receiving treatment at a state facility before he was transferred to UCTH for advanced care.
“At the facility, samples were taken in line with established protocols, and it was confirmed that the patient showed symptoms of COVID-19,” Ayuk said.
“We are, however, happy to report that he is doing well,” he added.
The commissioner stressed that the state’s health system has been strengthened to respond effectively to outbreaks, with surveillance mechanisms fully operational across Cross River State.
He acknowledged the presence of occasional silent infections but maintained that the government remained prepared to manage any public health threat.
“But we are determined that for every ailment, every disease or outbreak, if it is identified here in the state, there should be no alarm. The state will do well in terms of surveillance or containment of an outbreak. Whatever it is, we will do our best to contain it. So, there is no alarm,” Ayuk stated.
Ayuk further noted that COVID-19 remains a global concern, warning that cross-border movement of infected individuals continues to pose risks.
“COVID-19 is not peculiar to Nigeria. But we’re determined to contain it. There’s no cause for alarm,” he said.
General News
The Visibility Trap

By Ememobong Udofot
There is a persistent assumption in modern business that attention is progress. If people are seeing you, engaging with you, and talking about you, then you must be growing. On the surface, this feels true. In practice, it is one of the most expensive misconceptions companies carry.

Visibility is not legitimacy. And confusing the two creates fragile businesses that look successful long before they actually are.
Visibility is distribution. It is how often you are seen, how far your message travels, and how loudly you exist in a market. It is driven by campaigns, partnerships, content, and media. It is measurable in impressions, reach, mentions, and recall.
Legitimacy is something else entirely. It is not what people see. It is what they conclude. It is the quiet but critical judgement a user makes when deciding whether to trust you with something that matters. Their money, their time, their reputation, their belief. Legitimacy is not declared. It is inferred. This is where most companies miscalculate.
A platform can be highly visible and still feel unsafe. It can be everywhere and still feel uncertain. It can dominate conversations and still fail at conversion when the moment of decision arrives. Because today, users are not asking, “Have I seen this before?” They are asking, “Do I trust what happens next?”
In financial services, especially in emerging markets, this distinction becomes sharper. Users do not operate from abundance. They operate from risk awareness. Every transaction is evaluated, consciously or not, through a lens of potential loss. What could go wrong? How fast can I recover if it does? Who is accountable if it fails? Visibility does not answer these questions. Legitimacy does.
Legitimacy is built through signals that reduce perceived risk. Not theoretical safety, but experienced reliability. It shows up in consistency of outcomes, in how predictable your system is under pressure, and in whether your platform behaves the same way every time, not just when everything is working but also when something breaks. It is reinforced by clarity. Users trust what they understand, not what is explained to them in long paragraphs, but what is immediately obvious in interaction. What happens next, how long it takes and what they can expect. It is strengthened by accountability. Not in policy documents, but in visible behaviour. How issues are handled, how quickly they are resolved, whether responsibility is assumed or deflected.
These are not branding elements in the traditional sense. They are operational realities. But this is exactly where branding is often misunderstood. Brand is not what you say about your product. It is the system of signals that shape how your product is perceived before, during, and after use. While visibility amplifies your presence, legitimacy sustains your relevance.
When companies prioritize visibility without building legitimacy, they create a dangerous gap between expectation and experience. Growth accelerates, but trust does not compound at the same rate. Eventually, the system corrects itself. Users withdraw, reputation weakens, and recovery becomes significantly harder than initial growth.
On the other hand, when legitimacy is established first, visibility becomes an accelerator rather than a risk. Every new user acquired enters a system that can hold them. Every interaction reinforces the same conclusion. This works; I can rely on this.
This is slower to build, but far more durable. The strategic implication is simple but rarely followed. Do not ask how to be seen more; ask what conclusions users are forming when they see you. Do not optimise for attention in isolation, optimise for the alignment between what is promised and what is experienced. Do not treat trust as a communication problem, treat it as a systems problem that communication must accurately represent. Because in the end, markets do not reward visibility. They reward reliability that has been observed, tested, and believed. And that is legitimacy.
Ememobong Udofot E. is a branding and communications executive specialising in strategy, systems thinking, and trust design within financial technology. She currently leads Branding and Communications at FlashChange, a digital value exchange platform focused on enabling reliable, efficient movement of digital assets.
General News
Breaking News…Hackers Allegedly Expose EFCC Data, Operatives’ Identities

Nullsec Nigeria, a threat actor, has claimed responsibility for leaking the identities of operatives and sensitive internal data linked to the Economic and Financial Crimes Commission (EFCC).

Ola Olukoyede, chairman, EFCC
The leak raises fresh concerns over cybersecurity vulnerabilities within Nigerian public institutions and safety the agency’s operatives.
The breach surfaced on April 21 on a dark web forum, where a user identified as “ki4t,” reportedly affiliated with the group, published details of the dataset.
The exposed data is said to include agent names, phone numbers, operational code names, and password hashes tied to EFCC personnel.
The breach allegation comes amid growing concerns over cyber risks facing government agencies, following a recent reported compromise involving the Corporate Affairs Commission (CAC).
Cybersecurity analysts say that if confirmed, the exposure of such sensitive operational data could pose risks to both personnel security and ongoing enforcement operations, particularly if password hashes are successfully decrypted or linked to other compromised systems.
The development adds to increasing pressure on public institutions to strengthen digital infrastructure, access controls, and internal cybersecurity protocols as threat actors continue to target government databases.
Authorities are yet to confirm the extent of the alleged breach or whether any mitigation measures have been activated.
Nigeria has lately experienced a growing activities of hacktivists defacing websites and leaking data.
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