E-Financial
Sad! Value of Naira Determined by Forex ‘Black’ Market- Otunuga

An economic research analyst has bemoaned the inability of the Central Bank of Nigeria to contain the free fall of the Naira in the currency market.
Lukman Otunuga, a research analyst at Forex Time (FXTM) said that the economic disequilibrium has left naira’s value to be determined by the ‘black market’ foreign exchange market.
Otunuga who spoke during an exclusive with Nigeria CommunicationsWeek said that the CBN must realize that foreign investors and indeed the world are “watching Nigeria’s economy like movie series”.
A keen follower of macroeconomic events, with a strong professional and academic background in finance, Lukman is well versed in the various factors affecting the currency and commodity markets. Lukman provides in-depth analysis on the global currency and commodity markets and is often quoted by leading international media outlets such as: MarketWatch, CNBC, NASDAQ, Reuters, AFP, The Guardian and Yahoo.
Prior to joining FXTM, Lukman spent two years as a research analyst with international currency broker FXCM, where he focused on technical and fundamental analysis of the global currency, commodity and stock markets. Lukman was also responsible for leading educational seminars for international and local high net worth individuals, and has published a series of educational articles on forex trading with City A.M.
Lukman holds a BSc (hons) degree in Economics from the University of Essex, UK and an MSc in Finance from London School of Business and Finance, where he studied corporate finance, mergers & acquisitions and the role of international financial institutions. He spoke to peter oluka. Excerpt.
Predictions About Nigeria’s Economy 2017
“First, the world is actually watching Nigeria’s economy and issues like series. Right now, everybody knows that Nigeria is under pressure. Last year we spoke about the economy and I said diversification will be the key. This year the focus is on getting the economy out of recession. So, the emphasis is now on policies. I feel that in the next six months Nigeria will remain at risk because of obvious factors like investments from China. When China sneezes Nigeria catches cold. Donald Trump’s policies will have impact in Nigeria. I read in the newspaper that he is already considering limiting the number of visa issuance to the country (Nigeria).
“These are external factors. Internally, the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) will be under pressure. They have actually kept the monitory policy interest rate at 14%. The truth is they are under pressure which is the reason they are under conscious approach. Even though the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank gave Nigeria’s economy a positive outlook for the year 2017; to get out of recession, I don’t think it will be that easy.
New Approaches CBN Should Adopt
“On the physical side of the economy there is no clear direction. Everybody is waiting to see what will happen. This speaks on the fact the World Development Bank (WDB) has kept Nigeria from the $1billion loan, because there is no transparency or clear direction on how it will be utilized. But on monetary side, I think Nigeria may be forced to devalue the Nigeria.
“The official rate is about N305 to $1, but they may take it to N380 to close the gap with the black market.
Manufacturers, Industries Should Be Given Priority In Forex Disbursement
“It is very interest to bring in the manufacturing sector in here, because the CBN has allocated about 60% of the forex to them as they represent about 10% of the GDP. Nigeria’s problem is cost caused inflation. Let me break it down. We have a situation where manufacturers imports raw materials but do not have access to the official forex rate. Of course, they need profit, so they push the cost to the consumers. It keeps circulating and should be checkmate to avoid hyper-inflation.
Oil and Gas
“Nigeria plans to diversity on long term, but in the short term it is still about oil. And OPEC gave Nigeria a very good trust to make comeback if she (Nigeria) can still produce about 2.2million barrels per day. But if you consider the militancy in the Niger-Delta, last December, the country was producing 1.4million barrels per day. So, we have a situation here that even as OPEC is magnanimous to the country by taking a supply cut, still Nigeria may not be able to take the advantage. I don’t even know how Nigeria will get to 2million barrels per day from the present output should the militancy continues.
Trump’s Policies, China and Nigeria
“The main thrust of Donald Trump’s government is protectionism- the Americans first, which is de-globalisation. So, we have a situation where all the countries that had access to United States will lose such opportunities. They need to approach the alternative, which is China, the second strongest economy in the world. How will it impact Africa? Nigeria? Of course, if you look at China it is giving and getting a lot from Nigeria.
“So, when China gains it is to the advantage of Nigeria. Trump has already abolished the TPP; which is just a way to remove trade from China. This could be a situation where Africa comes back (up); where other nations measure up by taking critical decisions.
Leveraging Nigeria- China Trade Agreement on Yuan
“I still think that agreement is valid, although there are concerns that China is facing pressures, but we have to keep in mind that what Nigeria needs now is not to make the dollar king. Dollar is not the legal tender in this country but a typical Nigerian would prefer to have dollar to Naira; that speaks volume. Therefore, we do a lot of businesses with China and it will do us good to dust up that agreement.
Why FDI Is Eluding Nigeria
“First, let’s refer to how Fietch downgraded Nigeria’s long term rating to negatives. Initially, that will discourage foreign investors. I understand that in March Nigeria is trying to get the $1B Euro-bond. This news of Fietch turning Nigeria’s rating down will affect the Euro-bond. First, Nigeria should establish foreign exchange rate stability. No body wants to invest in a speculative environment.
Bridging CBN and Black Market Forex Rates: How Possible?
“The CBN needs to understand the bitter truth: value of the Naira is determined by the (forex) black market. Some people has said that the fundamentals behind the black market do not make sense, but it is simply the principle of demand and supply that makes the market what it is. Now, we are talking about N500 to $1; that is the true value of the Naira.
The quicker the CBN understands the truth and actually allow the Naira have a free flow; otherwise inflation will continue to skyrocket. If they do that, it is going to be a short term pain but will be beneficial at the end.
Late Passage of the Appropriation Bill (Budget) And Impact On Economy
“For certainty this has huge impact on the economy. For instance the 2016 budget was released about five months later. It causes uncertainties in the economy, because it shows there is no transparency. Uncertainty will also cause people to offload the Naira.
Economic Diversification
“The more I look at agriculture I see that even though God Blessed Nigeria with oil, but it has been a curse on the economy. This wasn’t the situation in the 60s’ and 70s’. So, we really need to embrace agriculture and develop the infrastructure. Power is very much in demand. No economy performs better than it is doing in power generation. We need to fix the roads and other amenities, having in mind that technology is the way to go too.
“Take a leaf from the United States where Dollar has appreciated so much just because the new administration sad they are going to be focusing on the physical side- massive infrastructure development. This is what Nigeria needs to do.
E-Financial
NDIC Seeks EFCC’s Support to Trace, Recover Assets of Failed Banks

Nigeria Deposit Insurance Corporation (NDIC) and the Economic and Financial Crimes Commission (EFCC) have agreed to strengthen collaboration to enhance the investigation and prosecution of offences that lead to bank failures, while also improving the recovery of assets and debts of failed banks.

Thompson Oludare Sunday, managing director and chief executive of the NDIC, made this known during a courtesy visit by the Corporation’s management team to Olanipekun Olukoyede, executive chairman of the EFCC, at the Commission’s headquarters in Abuja.
In a statement issued on Sunday by the NDIC’s Hawwau Gambo, head of Communication and Public Affairs, Sunday said robust partnership with the EFCC is critical to the effective liquidation of failed banks, a process that involves asset realisation and debt recovery, with proceeds used to settle uninsured deposits.
He noted that cases of asset stripping and concealment require coordinated efforts, particularly in asset tracing, recovery and enforcement, adding that the EFCC’s expertise is vital in achieving these objectives.
Sunday also identified banking fraud investigations and the prosecution of individuals whose actions contribute to bank collapses as key areas where both institutions can further strengthen their cooperation.
He stressed that NDIC plays a vital role in maintaining financial system stability through the execution of its four statutory mandates in deposit guarantee, bank supervision, distress resolution and bank liquidation.
According to him, the Corporation’s overarching goal is to safeguard depositors’ funds, ensure prompt compensation when banks fail, and sustain public confidence in the financial system.
He also observed that both institutions share common values of integrity, professionalism and accountability, describing the visit as a step towards reinforcing institutional partnership, especially in areas where EFCC’s investigative and prosecutorial capacity is essential to NDIC’s mandate.
“We aim to further strengthen our collaboration, deepen institutional synergy and explore additional avenues for mutual support in the pursuit of national financial system stability.
“The EFCC has been our partner and we want this to continue. We look forward to an expanded and more impactful partnership between our two esteemed institutions.
“Your experience has and will continue to greatly enhance our recovery efforts. Additionally, we have that strategic responsibility for prosecuting individuals whose actions contribute to the failure of banks. We therefore seek closer collaboration with the Commission in this critical area”
Responding, the EFCC boss, Olukoyede, reiterated the Commission’s commitment to its longstanding working relationship with the NDIC in tackling financial crimes within the banking sector.
He acknowledged the history of cooperation between the two agencies, particularly in investigations and capacity development related to banking operations.
Olukoyede also briefed the delegation on key departments within the EFCC, including the Bank Fraud Section, which handles matters related to the NDIC.
He encouraged the Corporation to submit any outstanding cases for prompt assessment, noting that this would enhance tracking, accountability and case resolution.
The EFCC Chairman further highlighted the role of the Commission’s Fraud Risk Assessment and Control Department, which focuses on proactive monitoring, compliance, sound risk management and internal controls in both public and private sector institutions.
He described these efforts as part of the EFCC’s broader mandate to protect and strengthen the Nigerian economy.
Olukoyede assured the NDIC of the EFCC’s continued support in deepening institutional synergy to combat financial crimes, improve asset recovery, and ensure that offenders who undermine the banking sector are brought to justice.
E-Financial
PayPal Goes Live in Nigeria through Paga

Paga, Nigeria’s pioneering fintech company, and global payments leader PayPal have launched live account linking for Nigerian users, unlocking seamless cross-border payments and local Naira access after years of limited service.

The integration allows Nigerians to directly connect PayPal accounts to Paga wallets, receive funds from PayPal’s vast network spanning over 200 markets and 436 million active users, shop with international merchants, and withdraw balances for everyday needs like bill payments, bank transfers, or Visa card spending.
This ends longstanding “send-only” restrictions, empowering freelancers, online sellers, and small businesses to earn globally and spend locally without cumbersome workarounds.
Nigerian merchants gain a competitive edge, tapping PayPal’s 400 million-plus customer base to accept payments in up to 25 currencies, with funds settling swiftly via Paga’s nationwide infrastructure. Currency conversions occur at market-driven willing-buyer-willing-seller rates, positioning the service against informal channels and crypto alternatives. Paga’s upcoming merchant gateway enhancements will support larger business transactions directly.
Paga Founder and Group CEO Tayo Oviosu described the rollout as transformative: “Whether you’re a freelancer receiving international payments, a business selling online, or a consumer shopping globally, this collaboration makes it easier to access and use global funds locally, in a way that’s simple, secure, and built for our markets.” PayPal’s Senior Vice President for Middle East and Africa, Otto Williams, added: “We’ve been intentional about partnering with local innovators like Paga… to expand financial inclusion and enable more consumers and businesses to participate confidently in the digital economy.”
The move bolsters Nigeria’s explosive digital payments sector, where 2023 transaction values hit ₦657.8 trillion ($730.9 billion)—averaging ₦54 trillion monthly—and active mobile wallet users exceed 30 million. Backed by Central Bank of Nigeria reforms like IMTO guidelines and fraud protections, it taps a $25 billion annual remittance flow and projects an $18.3 billion digital economy by year-end.
Paga, with over 21 million users, CBN nationwide licensing, and a $250 million valuation, serves as the ideal partner through its API ecosystem and settlement network. To start, users log into the Paga app or site, link their PayPal account (personal or business via individual Paga setup), and begin transacting instantly.
This partnership not only bridges global finance to local realities but also accelerates Nigeria’s fintech dominance, fostering SME growth and diaspora remittances in Africa’s largest economy.
E-Financial
NIBBS to Boost Financial Inclusion with Offline Payment Solutions

The Nigeria Inter-Bank Settlement System (NIBSS) is looking into offline payment solutions as part of its efforts to increase financial inclusion and reach Nigerians who have limited or no access to mobile data.

The project was announced by Ngover Nwankwo, NIBSS executive director for business and products, at the 2026 CHBO Conference in Lagos.
Nwankwo pointed out that the rapid expansion of digital payments must be matched by purposeful inclusion initiatives, cautioning that innovation should not exclude groups of the population that still rely largely on cash.
She emphasised that cash is still an important element of Nigeria’s economy and that digital and cash-based payments must coexist to safeguard disadvantaged users while boosting efficiency for digitally connected customers.
Nwanko also commended banks for operational performance, particularly during the December 2025 cash demand period, which she said was met with few public complaints.
Lloyd Onaghinon, Bankers Warehouse Plc,had similar sentiments on the enduring need of cash. He explained that cash usage remained high globally due to cultural, demographic, and trust-related factors
However, he cautioned that surplus currency outside the banking system undermines financial intermediation and monetary policy efficacy, demanding greater cooperation among regulators, banks, and other stakeholders.
Director Solaja Olayemi, representing the Central Bank of Nigeria, stated that around 90% of Nigeria’s cash remained outside the banking system and encouraged banks to collaborate with fintechs and microfinance institutions..
He added that fintechs with substantial agent networks, such as Moniepoint, OPay, and Kuda, are better positioned to drive inclusion, with some companies now holding national licenses.
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