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Emefiele and the Burden of a Prophet

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Mr. Godwin Emefiele, CBN governor
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By Jackson Ugbechie

Dateline June 2015: Godwin Emefiele, the Governor of Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN), banned importation of 41 items which the apex bank classified as ‘not valid for forex’.

Emefiele and the Burden of a Prophet

Mr. Godwin Emefiele, CBN governor

These items ranged from consumables like rice, poultry products, vegetables and processed vegetable products to building materials like cement, roofing sheets, etc.

The aim was to encourage local manufacture of these items, all of which can be produced locally. The other objective of the ban was to ease pressure on the nation’s foreign reserves. Crude oil (the major source of forex) was beginning to lose its allure in pricing. Simply put: national income (inflow) was shrinking perilously.

Today, by benefit of hindsight, it could be appropriately said that Emefiele was a prophet who saw tomorrow and quickly rallied his people to prepare for the impending storm.

Not long afterwards, the real storm came bearing down on global economies. Nigeria and other nations with huge reliance on crude oil revenues took a heavy shellacking from the storm.

Crude oil prices took a dip. From a mere dip to a free fall until it bottomed out at $27.67 in 2016.

Fast-forward 2020. Oil price is still low. Recovery has been sluggish, accentuated by the global Covid-19 pandemic. Nigeria with a population of about 200 million, low export, heavy import-dependent economy and a lifestyle that borders on flamboyance has been much hobbled by the oil price drop.

The naira is still under pressure but it could have been worse if CBN is still funding the importation of the over 40 banned items.

It could have been more difficult defending the naira in the forex market. This is the sense in which Emefiele deserves commendation for his uncommon boldness to stop the issuance of forex for the importation of these items.

Emefiele’s foresight, vision and strong anticipatory hunch has saved Nigeria from what could have been the worst economic crisis in human history since the Great Depression.

The decision to declare over 40 items ‘not valid for forex’ must have been a difficult one to take. But great leadership is about making tough calls; taking, sometimes, unpopular decisions.

Emefiele did that at the most auspicious time. It was contrary to the wishes of the advanced economies of the West which see Nigeria as their largest, most profitable market in Africa.

A policy to encourage local manufacture and patronage of locally made goods should be music to any patriotic Nigerian.

It will encourage honing of skills, create jobs in millions, stop the drain on our external reserves and ultimately shore up the sagging strength of the nation’s primary sector.

But you don’t expect such decision to go down well with the advanced nations whose major market in Africa was about to be shut.

This explains the baleful treatise conjured by The Economist magazine to deride the CBN policy. The usually opinionated UK magazine had in the wake of the ban on importation of over 40 items published a self-serving satire on Emefiele’s efforts to save the naira.

The copiously disingenuous article in The Economist tried to denigrate the CBN policy. But that was not enough to make Emefiele change his mind. The multiple-award winning central banker, convinced that the policy was in the best interest of the county, stuck to his gun.

He was unwavering. Now, Emefiele has been proved right and The Economist wrong. Nigerians are producing the banned items from grains to roofing sheets.

No matter the cynicism from those who preach classical textbook economic theories to Nigeria but act otherwise in their native countries, the truth is that foreigners cannot love Nigeria more than Nigerians. Emefiele proved this truism by raising the red flag when he foresaw the lurking economic turbulence.

The Nigerian naira dilemma is a peculiar mess created largely by a clan of crooked Nigerian elite, it will never go away by mere application of economic theories that never worked anywhere, even in the advanced West.  The Nigerian problem can only go away by the application of well-thought through policies as Emefiele did.

To better appreciate the Emefiele magic, let’s consider this scenario. In 2013 at a time when crude price was $120 per barrel what CBN received to service the forex market from petroleum inflows either from petroleum products trading, royalty, taxes, NNPC etcetera was as high as $3.3 billion in a month. By June 2014 when external reserve had dropped to about $37 billion, what the nation got had dropped to less than $2 billion. Recall that the whole crisis started in July 2014 and by March 2015 when crude price had dropped to about $48pb, the nation’s reserve had gone down to $30 billion. At that point, what was coming in as forex which the CBN will use to service the market had dropped to about $1.3bn from about $3.3 billion in just over a year.

At that time, around January/February of 2015, CBN usually funds the forex market by Monday and Wednesdays with $200 million each of the days which is $400m in a week. At that time CBN was fighting the hostile market and saying we’ll defend the naira.

The inter-bank market was defending the market with about $100million per day which is $500 million per week. If you add that to the official buffer of $400m on the part of CBN, it adds up to $900m weekly. This means that in a month Nigeria needed $3.6 billion dollars minimum to fund the forex market and by interpretation fund importation.

As the price of crude continued its free fall, monthly outflow hit $4bn against an inflow of just $1.3 or $1.5 which brought net depletion of Nigeria’s reserve on a monthly basis to about $2.5 billion. If CBN had continued the depletion of our reserve from March 2015 by $2.5 billion monthly, by now Nigeria would have zero reserve. That is the stack reality.

And this is why Nigerians should commend the boldness and farsightedness of Emefiele to place a historical and landmark ban on over 40 items. Not only has he helped to boost backward integration, the policy eased pressure on the nation’s reserve.

Obviously, Nigerians are still paying dearly for their lavish lifestyle. Statistics from the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) shows significant importation of certain items. In the half-year (January – June) of 2019, Nigerians spent a total of N334.3 billion to import prepared foodstuffs, beverages, spirits, vinegar and tobacco. NBS says within that period Nigeria imported 21 different items with the major items including live animals, animal products, vegetable fats and oil, prepared foodstuffs, beverages, mineral products, textiles, broilers and vehicles.

Broilers, machinery and appliances form the biggest import which was estimated at N2.11 trillion. Mineral product ranked second with N1.3 trillion import in half-year 2019. Other top items on the import list include vehicles, aircraft and parts (N1.06 trillion), cement (N599 billion), metals (N386.1 billion).

In recent past before the restriction, Nigeria spent an average of $22 billion each year on food (rice, wheat, sugar, fish etc) importation. The sad fact is that all of this money go to reflate the economies of Thailand, India, China and the West.

If all of this could happen with restriction, imagine the scenario if there were no restrictions. Emefiele is indeed an unsung hero. That’s the burden of a prophet who is barely appreciated at home.

But first Nigerians must change their exotic and outlandish lifestyle. No nation builds a strong economy on importation.

_ Ugbechie, public affairs analyst, writes from Abuja.

 

 


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E-Financial

FCCPC Dismisses Report Claiming Approval of 48 New Loan Apps

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Federal Competition and Consumer Protection Commission (FCCPC) has dismissed as false a report claiming it approved 48 additional digital loan applications, raising the number of licensed digital lenders in Nigeria to 505.

FCCPC Dismisses Report Claiming Approval of 48 New Loan Apps

 

In a statement posted on its official X handle on Sunday, the commission described the publication, titled “FCCPC Approves 48 More Loan Apps, Raises Licensed Digital Lenders in Nigeria to 505,” as “false, misleading and” not reflective of its actions.

The commission said it had not granted any new approvals or licences for digital lenders, stressing that it was complying with an ex parte order of the Federal High Court restraining the implementation of the Digital, Electronic, Online and Non-Traditional Consumer Lending Regulations, 2025, pending further proceedings.

The statement read, “The attention of the Federal Competition and Consumer Protection Commission has been drawn to a publication titled ‘FCCPC Approves 48 More Loan Apps, Raises Licensed Digital Lenders in Nigeria to 505.’ The publication is false, misleading and does not represent the position or actions of the Commission.

“The FCCPC is a law-abiding institution and is fully complying with the ex parte Order of the Federal High Court restraining the implementation of the Digital, Electronic, Online and Non-Traditional Consumer Lending Regulations, 2025 pending further proceedings.

“Consequently, the Commission has not granted any new approvals or licences pursuant to those Regulations. Any publication suggesting that the Commission recently approved additional digital lenders under the Regulations is entirely false.”

The commission urged members of the public, industry stakeholders and media organisations to disregard the publication and rely only on information released through its official communication channels.

It reiterated its commitment to complying with court orders and providing accurate information on its regulatory activities.

 


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E-Financial

PalmPay Calls for Trust, Infrastructure and Responsible AI to Drive Payment Ecosystem Innovation

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Industry leaders, regulators, and payment experts have called for stronger infrastructure, responsible artificial intelligence (AI) adoption, and deeper cross-sector collaboration to unlock the next phase of growth in Nigeria’s digital payments ecosystem.

The stakeholders made the call during the 2026 Digital Pay Expo held in Lagos on June 17 and 18, 2026. This year’s event focused heavily on the transformative role of AI, cybersecurity, cross-border transactions, and deepening financial inclusion across Africa.

Speaking at the event, Dr. Rekiya Yusuf, Director of the Payment System Supervision Department at the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN), represented by Chika Ugwueze, Deputy Director, stated that Nigeria’s payment ecosystem is rapidly evolving beyond digital adoption into deeper digital transformation.

According to Yusuf, artificial intelligence is emerging as a critical driver of this shift, particularly in real-time fraud detection and expanding access to underserved populations. “The goal is to make financial transactions seamless. AI is now driving innovation, helping in real-time fraud detection and helping to expand access,” she said.

She noted, however, that important gaps remain, particularly around infrastructure and inclusion. Building a resilient digital market system in the AI era requires reliable connectivity, robust infrastructure, intentional talent development, and sustained capacity building.

Echoing the regulator’s call for robust ecosystem support, Chika Nwosu, Managing Director of PalmPay Nigeria, said trust, access, and practical financial support remain critical to helping small businesses participate more meaningfully in the formal economy.

He noted that while micro, small, and medium enterprises (SMEs) contribute an impressive 40 per cent to Nigeria’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP), limited access to credit and reliable payment infrastructure continues to slow their ability to grow and scale.

To drive true innovation, Nwosu argued that financial inclusion must move beyond simply opening accounts and enabling basic transactions; it requires building a foundation of trust and tangible economic empowerment.

“SMEs contribute 40 per cent of the country’s GDP. For us at PalmPay, we don’t just provide payment solutions to them, we also support them with financial tools they need to expand and create jobs,” he said. .

Nwosu further emphasised the importance of digital literacy, noting that stronger understanding of digital tools and AI-enabled systems will be essential to buildling long-term trust and participation across the ecosystem.

The discussions at Digital Pay Expo 2026 reflected a growing consensus across the industry: the future of African digital payments will depend on getting the fundamentals right. That means stronger infrastructure, responsible use of AI, better cybersecurity, and closer collaboration between regulators, fintechs, and other ecosystem players.

For PalmPay, the event reinforced the importance of building a payments ecosystem that is more resilient, more secure, and better equipped to support inclusion and growth at scale.


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E-Financial

ngCERT Raises Alarm over Surge in Banks’ ATM Cyberattacks

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Nigeria’s Computer Emergency Response Team (NgCERT) has urged financial institutions to reinforce their cybersecurity systems following a surge in automated teller machine (ATM)-related attacks targeting banks across Africa.

In a cybersecurity advisory issued on June 25, the agency classified the threat as “high risk,” warning that the attacks could inflict significant financial losses, disrupt banking operations and damage public confidence if not promptly addressed.

NgCERT, the federal agency responsible for coordinating responses to cyber threats in Nigeria under the Office of the National Security Adviser (ONSA), said the warning was prompted by a recent cyberattack on United Bank for Africa (UBA) in Senegal.

According to the advisory, cybercriminals successfully compromised the bank’s card authorization infrastructure, enabling them to manipulate transaction controls and carry out 3,421 ATM withdrawals that resulted in losses exceeding $2 million.

The agency said the attack demonstrated a sophisticated methodology that poses a serious threat to financial institutions operating similar ATM and payment card systems across Africa.

“This methodology poses a significant threat to financial institutions operating similar ATM and card systems across the region,” the advisory stated.

NgCERT explained that investigations into recent incidents indicate that attackers typically gain initial access to bank networks through phishing campaigns, vulnerabilities within third-party supply chains or insider assistance.

Once inside the network, the attackers conduct extensive reconnaissance to identify critical systems responsible for ATM transaction processing, card management and transaction authorisation.

The agency said the threat actors then deploy malware, escalate their system privileges and manipulate key security controls, including ATM withdrawal limits, transaction velocity restrictions, fraud monitoring thresholds and payment card parameters.

It added that the attackers are also capable of creating new payment card records or altering existing ones, enabling coordinated cash-out operations involving multiple operatives simultaneously withdrawing large amounts of cash from ATMs across different locations.

NgCERT warned that successful exploitation of these vulnerabilities could result in massive financial losses through the rapid depletion of ATM cash reserves, compromise of core banking infrastructure and manipulation of customer accounts.

Beyond direct financial losses, the agency said such attacks could trigger regulatory sanctions, reputational damage, service disruptions and broader network compromise that may lead to sensitive data breaches.

To mitigate the threat, ngCERT advised banks to strengthen privileged access management and enforce multi-factor authentication for all administrative accounts.

The agency also urged financial institutions to immediately harden their ATM infrastructure by disabling unnecessary remote access, applying the latest firmware updates and reviewing all third-party remote access channels and vendor accounts.

Other recommendations include implementing strict network segmentation, enhancing real-time transaction monitoring, conducting continuous threat-hunting activities, carrying out regular penetration testing and red-team exercises, and strengthening employee awareness of phishing attacks and insider threats.

NgCERT further called on banks to regularly test and update their incident response plans to ensure they are equipped to respond effectively to sophisticated ATM cash-out attacks as cyber threats continue to evolve.


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