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Big Data: Fraud, Finances

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Financial institutions have been working hard to implement technologies which better protect them and their customers.

Innovations such as chip and PIN have made cards more secure, while the introduction of two-factor authentication has also greatly helped.

However, none of these systems are perfect and fraud levels continue to rise in many countries.

Fortunately this is an area where big data can make a significant difference.

 Fraud detection relies upon the use of both relational data and non-relational data – structured and unstructured data.

 Banks know where our home branch is and they know within a standard range of incidences how often we take out money or use our cards.

They know where we work and the types of transactions we make most commonly. These known quantities form part of the fraud detection process.

 The unpredictability of humans….

But the nature of human beings is that we do not always stick to the path most travelled. Consider a man buying an engagement ring. This is a perfect example of something which many people may only ever do once in their lives.

Looked at in terms of that data point it appears to be an entirely random act.

A man on the hunt for an engagement ring may never even have set foot in a jewellers shop in his life.

He will almost certainly have never spent a month’s wages on a single item of jewellery. In the world of data analysis such screaming anomalies should be cause for concern.

So why are more people not challenged when making this kind of transaction? Because it is incumbent upon banks not to leave us frustrated or without cash in our hour of need.

The man buying an engagement ring may have enough on his mind without having his card declined at the point of sale. For every transaction, a bank or a card issuer is dynamically analysing data and weighing up the risk of fraud.

The key lies of course in big data.

There are many types of data, unrelated even to the individual which can quickly be referenced – in split seconds thanks to the power with which big data is processed – from data relevant to that individual, such as past travel habits, to data relevant to the nature of the suspect transaction.

Patterns of where fraud has been conducted and past behaviours of the rightful card owner are a key element in detecting and predicting fraud, to the extent that diverse frauds can be traced quickly back to specific businesses where a rogue employee may be stealing card numbers or cloning cards.

Banks now have that reservoir of data related to fraudulent activity and quickly assess the likelihood of transactions being suspect.

Back to our hopeful man shopping for an engagement ring, he may go unchallenged because that reservoir of data shows that very few fraudsters try to conduct card fraud in jewellery shops. This may be because of high levels of CCTV coverage in such shops.

…is actually quite predictable

Believe it or not, the apparently unusual purchase of engagement rings is actually fairly predictable. Somebody may never have bought an engagement ring before, but his card issuer may see from his profile that he fits the bill of somebody due to.

A recent mortgage, an increased focus on saving, a second name appearing on a credit card, an expensive holiday in contrast to the budget breaks or golf holidays he has been on with his friends in the past, regular outlay on home furniture which suggests he is setting up home with somebody, a move from a sporadic expenditure on food to a more structured approach which suggests more nights in at home, less time spent in bars, more time in restaurants.

These are all behaviours which become powerful data points in the overall modelling of customer profiles.

He may think his purchase of an engagement ring is extraordinary and a huge step but his bank – or at least the data it holds – may have been able to tell it was coming for some time.

 Ultimately, data has the ability to look at us dispassionately and non-judgmentally. We may think it outrageous that we celebrate a birthday once a year by spending over the odds on dinner at a fancy restaurant we’d never normally visit on any other day of the year.

But if this is something we only do once a year then the data barely needs to be sweated to find an answer as to whether this is fraudulent behaviour.

Once per year may seem occasional to us, or even out of character, because it is at odds to the way we behave on the other 364 days of the year, but the data sees a creature of habit.

It knows it’s our birthday – not least because our date of birth is among the relational data held about us. That fact can easily be linked to any spike in spending on that date.

Even our one-off purchases are almost certainly not as one-off as we think. Most people exercise a degree of financial caution and display behaviours our banks will be able to understand from the data they collect and analyse.

We may only buy one engagement ring in our lives but the money spent on that engagement ring will almost certainly be within a predictable parameter based on our salary, our regular outgoings and the value of our mean and median purchases and the statistical outliers we will have created with purchases such as a car or a house.

All of this means that the vast majority of our spending is reassuringly predictable.

The insights into our behaviour that big data analysis brings about provides a clear benchmark against which fraudulent activity can be rapidly identified and shut down. 

Adebayo Sanni is country director at Oracle

 


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Nigeria CommunicationsWeek believes that technology makes life more exciting and helps improve the lives of people around Nigeria and indeed the world. So since 2007, we have devoted our energy to independent reportage of technology and how they affect lives.

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FG Launches the Happy Woman App Platform

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Federal government has unveiled a new digital platform to connect millions of women to finance, skills training, and market opportunities, in what officials call the country’s largest technology-driven women’s inclusion initiative to date.

The Happy Woman App Platform, which was unveiled at the Presidential Villa in Abuja, would serve as a single interface for women to access funding facilities, business development support, governmental initiatives, and critical services.

The digital drive comes as Nigeria grapples with expanding gender gaps in financial access, with women much less likely than males to maintain bank accounts or obtain formal credit, limiting their capacity to grow informal enterprises they primarily run.

Yet women remain central to the economy, accounting for a large share of micro and small enterprises that contribute nearly half of the country’s GDP.

According to the Social Institutions and Gender Index, only about 35 percent of Nigerian women have a bank account at a financial institution, compared with 55 percent of men, underscoring the depth of persistent financial exclusion and the urgency of targeted interventions.

The launch coincided with the expansion of the Nigeria for Women Programme, which the administration now plans to scale nationwide to reach 25 million women.

President Bola Tinubu, represented by vice president Kashim Shettima, said the scale-up is central to Nigeria’s economic growth strategy.

“A nation that relegates its women is a nation bound for implosion,” he said, adding that women must be placed “at the centre of national planning and productivity.”

The expanded programme builds on a pilot phase in six states that reached over one million women, many organised into Women Affinity Groups to access grants, savings schemes and livelihood support.

The government says the new app will streamline beneficiary registration, payments and training, reducing leakages and improving delivery.


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Lasaco Assurance Gets Shareholders Approval to Advance Capitalization Plans

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Lasaco Assurance Plc has received formal commitment letters from shareholders following its recent Extraordinary General Meeting, strengthening confidence in the company’s plan to raise additional capital in line with regulatory requirements and ongoing insurance sector reforms.

Speaking on the development, Ademoye Shobo, acting managing director of Lasaco Assurance Plc, said the confirmation from shareholders provides clarity and certainty as the company moves to execute its approved capital-raising strategy.

“The commitment letters from our shareholders give us the confidence to proceed with our capitalisation plans in line with the Nigerian Insurance Industry Reform Act (NIIRA) 2025 and other regulatory requirements guiding the insurance industry.

“We will leverage all available opportunities to raise the approved capital, and our existing shareholders should watch out for our rights issue as part of the process,”  Shobo said.

With shareholders’ backing now formally documented, Lasaco Assurance Plc plans to actively pursue available funding options to deliver the approved capital raise. The company plans to deploy a mix of market-based instruments, including a rights issue and other permissible fundraising structures, to ensure timely and effective capital mobilisation.

The Management noted that the commitment letters reinforce investor confidence in the company’s growth strategy, governance framework, and long-term outlook. The capital raise is expected to support balance sheet strengthening, improve underwriting capacity, and provide greater flexibility for business expansion across core insurance segments.

As part of the process, existing shareholders have been advised to watch out for the forthcoming rights issue, which will provide them with the opportunity to participate proportionately in capital expansion. The company reaffirmed its intention to ensure transparency and regulatory compliance throughout the fundraising exercise.

Lasaco Assurance Plc views the capitalization drive as a strategic step toward sustaining competitiveness, enhancing risk-bearing capacity, and positioning the company for future growth within Nigeria’s insurance market. The initiative also aligns with broader industry efforts aimed at strengthening the company’s financial resilience and protecting policyholders’ interests.

 


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Ecobank Nigeria to Host Customer Forum on Strengthening Regional Integration for Economic Transformation

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Ecobank Nigeria is set to host the second edition of its Customer Forum, at the Ecobank Pan-African Centre, Ozumba Mbadiwe Avenue, Victoria Island, Lagos.

The forum, organised by the bank’s Fixed Income, Currencies and Commodities (FICC) Business (Treasury), is themed ‘Strengthening Regional Integration for Economic Transformation.’

It is designed to examine critical issues shaping Nigeria’s and Africa’s economic outlook in 2026, with particular focus on trade, financial markets, foreign exchange liquidity and regional integration, especially as the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) agreement enters a strategic phase of implementation.

Announcing the event in Lagos, the Regional Treasurer, Ecobank Nigeria Limited, Olumide Adebayo, said the one-day programme reinforces the bank’s role as a trusted financial partner and customer-focused institution, with intention to foster dialogue, support informed decision-making and deeper regional economic integration across Africa.

According to him, the programme will open with welcome remarks by the Managing Director/Regional Executive, Ecobank Nigeria, Mr. Bolaji Lawal, who will underscore the bank’s commitment to supporting customers and driving inclusive growth through strategic dialogue, innovation and pan-African collaboration.

The keynote address, titled ‘The Future of Trade in Africa: Harnessing the AfCFTA for Economic Transformation,’ will be delivered by the Group Chief Economist & Managing Director, Research and Trade Intelligence, African Export-Import Bank (Afreximbank), Dr. Yemi Kale.

His address will provide insights into Africa’s trade prospects and the transformative potential of the AfCFTA.

The forum will feature two high-level panel discussions: balancing the Risk between Interest Rate and Exchange Rate: Business Expectations and Outlook in 2026 and Export Proceeds, Oil Receipts and Remittances in 2026: Exploring Options that Best Support FX Liquidity and Flows in Nigeria.

The event would be moderated by Messrs. Aruoture Oddiri, Host and Producer of Global Business Report on Arise News and Barnabas Vajeh of Ecobank Nigeria Limited.

Ecobank Nigeria is a member of the Ecobank Group, the leading pan-African banking institution with operations in 33 African countries and international offices in London, Paris, Beijing and Dubai.

With over 220 branches, more than 36,000 agency banking locations, and robust digital platforms, Ecobank delivers accessible, affordable, and instant banking services. The bank is strategically positioned to support pan-African trade, particularly under the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA).


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