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Nigerians Cautious over CBN’s eNaira

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Hundreds of thousands of Nigerians have opened digital wallets to hold the eNaira, Africa’s first digital currency, but sceptics warn that broad mistrust of the government could hurt its adoption.

Nigerians Cautious over CBN’s eNaira

According to Financial  Times, with the launch of the eNaira on October 25, Africa’s most populous country became the latest country to launch a digital currency, leapfrogging many other central banks around the world.

France, China and Germany are all testing e-currencies.

Six Caribbean countries have already launched digital currencies.

In a sign of how the development of official digital currencies is gathering speed, the G7 group of advanced economies last month laid out guidelines to ensure the currencies will “support and do no harm” to the traditional monetary and financial system.

Razia Khan, chief economist for Africa and the Middle East at Standard Chartered Bank, said central banks were reacting to “the demonstrated need to adopt digital payment channels” in the wake of the pandemic, and seeking “to remain in the driving seat of the process, and not see unregulated digital currency alternatives get greater traction”.

A senior Central Bank of Nigeria official said that the currency’s first week and a half — when nearly 400,000 new wallets were registered in dozens of countries and customers made 12,500 transactions worth 46.3m naira ($113,000) — was a “resounding success”. This was despite customers complaining about a cumbersome sign-up process.

Analysts questioned whether the digital version of the naira — which is built on blockchain technology, but is not a cryptocurrency — can fulfil the central bank’s goals for it: lowering transaction costs, boosting cross-border flows including inward remittances, bringing more people into the financial system and allowing for more targeted social and welfare spending.

“The issue is that all of this can already be adequately addressed using the existing financial payments system,” said Adedayo Ademuwagun, analyst at Songhai Advisory.

“Nigeria is the fintech capital of Africa, so there are just so many options, so many ways to pay somebody, and pay them fast, already.”

At the official eNaira launch last month, Nigerian President Muhammadu Buhari said it could boost Nigeria’s gross domestic product — which was $432bn last year — by $29bn over the next 10 years.

Ronak Gadhia, an analyst for emerging markets-focused investment bank EFG-Hermes, said low-cost transactions could make the eNaira “quite significant and disruptive . . . but there’s some uncertainty about how widespread it will be used”.

More than half of Nigerians lack a formal bank account, the informal economy represents more than half of GDP and 95 per cent of transactions are still done in cash.

“The government effectively knows every transaction you carry out [with a digital currency] and in a place like Nigeria where there’s a bit of mistrust between ordinary Nigerians and the government there may be scepticism in terms of adoption,” he said.

He pointed to how the central bank froze the accounts of people involved in the #EndSARS anti-police brutality protests that swept Nigeria last year.

“The eNaira actually makes it even easier if the government wants to shut down someone’s account . . . or even the whole system,” he added.

 

The eNaira launch comes nine months after the central bank effectively banned cryptocurrencies including Bitcoin, which were used to fund the #EndSARS protests, on the grounds that they jeopardised the financial system and could be used to fund terrorism. Nigeria has quickly become one of the biggest markets for cryptocurrencies in Africa, with citizens using it to get around capital controls, to generate income amid rampant unemployment and to hedge against the perpetually depreciating naira.

The decision to effectively ban crypto was condemned by many in the burgeoning Lagos fintech scene, which has attracted billions of dollars in venture capital in recent years.

Victor Asemota, a Nigerian tech investor, echoing the sentiments of others, said he was “at a loss on what eNaira is meant to solve”, in a post on Twitter last week. He argued that mobile money products offered by some Nigerian fintech companies already streamline payments and reduce transaction costs.

Gadhia agreed, but cautioned that it was too early to discount the eNaira’s potential. “In the context of the scale that Nigeria offers it seems low, but I wouldn’t say it’s entirely disappointing or surprising,” he said. “It seems modest at this stage, but I think it’s still early days.”


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E-Financial

CBN Orders Banks to Charge 0.5% Cybersecurity Levy

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The Central Bank of Nigeria has ordered banks operating in the country to start charging a cybersecurity levy on transactions. A circular from the apex bank on Monday disclosed that the implementation of the levy would start two weeks from yesterday.

The circular was directed to all commercial, merchant, non-interest and payment service banks, among others.

The circular revealed that it was a follow-up on an earlier letter dated June 25, 2018 (Ref: BPS/DIR/GEN/CIR/05/008) and October 5, 2018 (Ref: BSD/DIR/GEN/LAB/11/023), respectively, on compliance with the Cybercrimes (Prohibition, Prevention, Etc.) Act 2015.

The recent public engagements by the Office of the National Security Adviser on the above subject, also refers.

Following the enactment of the Cybercrime (Prohibition, Prevention, etc) (amendment) Act 2024 and under the provision of Section 44 (2)(a) of the Act, a levy of 0.5 per cent (0.005) equivalent to a half per cent of all electronic transactions value by the business specified in the Second Schedule of the Act, is to be remitted to the National Cybersecurity Fund which shall be administered by the Office of the National Security Adviser.

The CBN said that all banks, other financial institutions and payment service providers are now required to implement the directive, saying, “The levy shall be applied at the point of electronic transfer origination, then deducted and remitted by the financial institution. The deducted amount shall be reflected in the customer’s account with the narration, ‘Cybersecurity Levy’.

“Deductions shall commence within two weeks from the date of this circular for all financial institutions and the monthly remittance of the levies collected in bulk to the NCF account domiciled at the CBN by the fifth business day of every subsequent month.”

Exempted from the levy include loan disbursements and repayments, salary payments, intra-account transfers within the same bank or between different banks for the same customer, intra-bank transfers between customers of the same bank.

Also exempted from the levy were inter-branch transfers within a bank, cheque clearing and settlements, ⁠Letters of Credits, ⁠Banks’ recapitalisation-related funding only bulk funds movement from collection accounts, savings and deposits including transactions involving long-term investments, among others.

The CBN, in recent times, has been making an effort to sanitise the financial sector. It recently issued a directive which barred fintechs from onboarding new customers.

The fintechs have in turn warned their customers against engaging in crypto transactions on their platforms.

This also comes barely a week after the Federal Government had directed Deposit Money Banks to immediately begin the deduction of 0.375 per cent stamp duty charge on all mortgaged-backed loans and bonds.


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E-Financial

Union Bank Achieves Another Milestone; Attains MSECB ISO Certifications

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Union Bank, one of Nigeria’s foremost and most trusted financial institutions, has announced another significant achievement with its attainment of the MSECB management system certifications in ISO/IEC 27001:2022, ISO 22301:2019, and ISO/IEC 20000-1:2018.

The Bank was awarded these three noteworthy certifications by MSECB, a leading international provider of audit and certification services, after being rigorously assessed and found to be in accordance with the management system requirements covering Information Security, IT Service Delivery, and Business Continuity standards under the combined Information Management Systems (IMS) standards.

The information security management systems ISO/IEC 27001:2022, ISO 22301:2019, and ISO/IEC 20000-1:2018 are internationally recognised standards that outline the requirements for establishing an effective information management system that guides against data breaches, IT system compromises, and disruption to business processes.

These latest certifications will enable the bank to continue to offer its customers improved data security, innovative banking solutions, and seamless service delivery through its state-of-the-art banking network.

Commenting on the Bank’s recent attainment, Chief Information Security Officer at Union Bank, Francis Mojoyinlola, said: “The Bank’s continued adherence to best international practices, as acknowledged by an independent third-party audit from a reputable international certification firm, reaffirms our capacity to erect, implement, and maintain best information and security management practices.

We remain committed to offering our esteemed customers simpler, more innovative services rooted in the highest standards of information security and cutting-edge innovative banking service.”

MSECB Management System Incorporated, or simply MSECB, is a reputable international organisation specialising in the certification of management systems based on a wide range of global standards.

They offer audit and certification services and expertise in multiple fields, including, but not limited to, Information Security, Quality Management, Business Continuity, and Service Management. They help guide, evaluate, and issue various organisations’ certifications against internationally recognised standards.

Their mission is to provide their clients with comprehensive services that inspire trust and demonstrate recognition.

This recent achievement by Union Bank follows the bank’s recertification of Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard (PCI DSS) version 3.2 and the International Organisation for Standardisation ISO/IEC 27001:2013 certification attained in 2018.

This further highlights Union Bank’s commitment to the strictest information management security standards while securing its pride of place as one of Nigeria’s most trusted financial institutions.

Established in 1917 and listed on the Nigerian Stock Exchange in 1971, Union Bank of Nigeria Plc. is a household name and one of Nigeria’s long-standing and most respected financial institutions.

The Bank is a trusted and recognisable brand, with an extensive network of over 300 branches across Nigeria.

The Bank currently offers a variety of banking services to both individual and corporate clients including current, savings and deposit account services, funds transfer, foreign currency domiciliation, loans, overdrafts, equipment leasing and trade finance.

The Bank also offers its customers convenient electronic banking channels and products, including Online Banking, Mobile Banking, Debit Cards, ATMs and POS Systems.


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E-Financial

Court Jails  Nwachukwu, Ex FCMB Manager 121 Years for N112m Fraud

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The Anambra State High Court sitting in the Onitsha area of the state has sentenced Nwachukwu Placidus, a former manager with First City Monument Bank (FCMB), Onitsha branch, to a cumulative 121 years imprisonment for diverting fixed deposit funds of a customer to the tune of N112,100,000 for his personal use.

Court Jails  Nwachukwu, Ex FCMB Manager 121 Years for N112m Fraud

Justice S. N. Odili, presiding judge, sentenced Placidus sentenced to jail on Friday.

The former FCMB manager was arraigned on 16-count charges bordering on forgery, stealing, obtaining by false pretence, and uttering by the Enugu Zonal Command of the Economic and Financial Crimes Commission (EFCC) on March 27, 2018.

One of the counts read: “Nwachukwu Placidus between February 2009 and November 2014 in Onitsha, Anambra State, within the jurisdiction of the Anambra State High Court of Nigeria with intent to defraud obtained the sum of N112,100,000 from Idemili Microfinance Bank under the false pretence that you have placed the said money in a fixed deposit account with First City Monument Bank Plc for it, which pretence you knew to be false and you thereby committed an offence.”

Placidus, according to a statement issued by Dele Oyewale, EFCC spokesperson, on Saturday, May 4, pleaded not guilty to the charges when they were read to him, setting the stage for his trial.

In the course of his trial, the EFCC, through its counsel, Mainforce Adaka Ekwu, presented four witnesses and tendered several relevant documents which were admitted in evidence.

In his judgement, Justice Odili held that “the prosecution proved its case beyond reasonable doubt” and sentenced Placidus to nine years imprisonment on count 3, four years on count 4, and nine years on counts 5 to 16, respectively. He was discharged on counts 1 and 2.

The judge added that the sentences will run concurrently.

Justice Odili further ordered the convict to restitute N112 million to his victim, Idemili Microfinance Bank.


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