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The Power of Chaos: A Robust and Low-Cost Cryptosystem for the Post-Quantum Era

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Fast algorithms on quantum computers could easily break many widely used cryptosystems, necessitating more innovative solutions for digital security.

In a recent study, a team of scientists designed a stream cipher consisting of three cryptographic primitives based on independent mathematical models of chaos.

The resulting cryptographic approach is robust to attacks from large-scale quantum computers and can be implemented on low-cost computers, paving the way to secure digital communications in the post-quantum era.

While for most of us cryptographic systems are things that just run “under the hood,” they are an essential element in the world of digital communications.

However, the upcoming rise of quantum computers could shake the field of cryptography to its core. Fast algorithms running on these machines could break some of the most widely used cryptosystems, rendering them vulnerable.

Well aware of this looming threat, cryptography researchers worldwide are working on novel encryption methods that can withstand attacks from quantum computers.

Chaos theory is actively being studied as a basis for post-quantum era cryptosystems. In mathematics, chaos is a property of certain dynamic systems that makes them extremely sensitive to initial conditions.

While technically deterministic (non-random), these systems evolve in such complex ways that predicting their long-term state with incomplete information is practically impossible, since even small rounding errors in the initial conditions yield diverging results.

This unique characteristic of chaotic systems can be leveraged to produce highly secure cryptographic systems, as a team of researchers from Ritsumeikan University, Japan, showed in a recent study published in IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I.

Led by Professor Takaya Miyano, the team developed an unprecedented stream cipher consisting of three cryptographic primitives based on independent mathematical models of chaos.

The first primitive is a pseudorandom number generator based on the augmented Lorenz (AL) map. The pseudorandom numbers produced using this approach are used to create key streams for encrypting/decrypting messages, which take the stage in the second and perhaps most remarkable primitive—an innovative method for secret-key exchange.

This novel strategy for exchanging secret keys specifying the AL map is based on the synchronization of two chaotic Lorenz oscillators, which can be independently and randomly initialized by the two communicating users, without either of them knowing the state of the other’s oscillator.

To conceal the internal states of these oscillators, the communicating users (the sender and the receiver) mask the value of one of the variables of their oscillator by multiplying it with a locally generated random number.

The masked value of the sender is then sent to receiver and vice-versa. After a short time, when these back-and-forth exchanges cause both oscillators to sync up almost perfectly to the same state in spite of the randomization of the variables, the users can mask and exchange secret keys and then locally unmask them with simple calculations.

Finally, the third primitive is a hash function based on the logistic map (a chaotic equation of motion), which allows the sender to send a hash value and, in turn, allows the receiver to ensure that the received secret key is correct, i.e., the chaotic oscillators were synchronized properly.

The researchers showed that a stream cipher assembled using these three primitives is extremely secure and resistant to statistical attacks and eavesdropping since it is mathematically impossible to synchronize their own oscillator to either the sender’s or the receiver’s ones.

This is an unprecedented achievement, as Prof. Miyano states: “Most chaos-based cryptosystems can be broken by attacks using classical computers within a practically short time. In contrast, our methods, especially the one for secret-key exchange, appear to be robust against such attacks and, more importantly, even hard to break using quantum computers.”

In addition to its security, the proposed key exchange method is applicable to existing block ciphers, such as the widely used Advanced Encryption Standard (AES). Moreover, the researchers could implement their chaos-based stream cipher on the Raspberry Pi 4, a small-scale computer, using Python 3.8.

They even used it to securely transmit a famous painting by Johannes Vermeer between Kusatsu and Sendai, two places in Japan 600 km apart. “The implementation and running costs of our cryptosystem are remarkably low compared with those of quantum cryptography,” highlights Prof. Miyano, “Our work thus provides a cryptographic approach that guarantees the privacy of daily communications between people all over the world in the post-quantum era.”

With such power of chaos-based cryptography, we may not have much to worry about the dark sides of quantum computing.


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Taraba Adopts Electronic Case Management System

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Taraba State in Nigeria has developed an electronic platform for filing criminal cases in the state’s High Courts, marking the implementation of the new National Case Management System.

The launch, announced on Monday, marks a move from manual to electronic filing of criminal cases and is part of attempts to reform court processes and expand access to justice using technology.

Governor Agbu Kefas stated that the action underlines the government’s dedication to institutional strengthening, the rule of law, and effective governance.

Kefas pledged continued government support for the judiciary, noting that technology is essential for delivering swift, fair and transparent justice.

He also stated that the state would give the resources and infrastructure required to maintain the ongoing judicial reforms.

Justice Joel Agya, Chief Judge of Taraba State, stated that the e-filing facility will enable the electronic filing of originating processes and subsequent applications.

He explained that the system would enhance case tracking from filing to final determination while reducing delays caused by manual registry procedures.

Justice Agya went on to say that the platform would improve the security and accessibility of court records, as well as help judges manage dockets and time better.

He emphasised that the platform is intended to supplement rather than replace judicial decision-making, ensuring that administrative procedures do not impede the delivery of speedy justice.

The development is consistent with a broader national push to digitalise judicial processes across Nigerian courts, which has already been implemented in several regions.


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Cybersecurity Firm Detects a Wave of Crypto Phishing Following BlockFi Bankruptcy

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Kaspersky has detected a wave of phishing attacks preying on former customers of the bankrupt crypto lending platform BlockFi.

These scams leverage the ongoing distribution of customer assets following BlockFi’s 2022 bankruptcy, tricking victims into surrendering cryptocurrency wallet seed phrases, potentially leading to financial losses.

BlockFi, once a prominent provider of high-yield interest accounts and crypto-backed loans, announced bankruptcy in November 2022. The company began disbursing repayments to affected clients in 2024 as part of its restructuring plan.

Kaspersky has detected fraudulent emails mimicking BlockFi’s official branding, which falsely invite recipients to “claim the payment” they are “entitled to.” After clicking on the link, users land on a phishing page and are prompted to “connect their wallet”.

The attackers suggest that users import their existing wallet by typing in the secret phrase – this grants attackers direct access to the funds in the victim’s wallet.

“Phishing attacks like this are widespread, capitalising on real-world events to build trust and urgency. Victims who fall for these scams risk exposing their crypto wallets to theft. It’s critical for individuals to verify any communications directly through official channels and to check the address from where the email originates for legitimacy,” comments Roman Dedenok, anti-spam expert at Kaspersky.

The phishing emails feature convincing logos, colour schemes, and language, making them difficult to spot at first glance. Kaspersky recommends the following steps to avoid falling victim to this or similar scams:

  • Do not click on links or respond to unsolicited emails.
  • Protect Sensitive Information: Never share banking credentials, wallet seed phrases, or other private keys in response to an email or online form.
  • Use Security Tools: Enable two-factor authentication (2FA) on all financial accounts, employ reputable security software like Kaspersky Premium, and consider using a password manager to safeguard credentials.

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Universal Insurance to Raise N15bn to Meet Capital Rules

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Universal Insurance Plc has secured the approval of its shareholders to raise additional capital of N15 billion through a proposed recapitalisation exercise, as the insurer intensifies efforts to strengthen its balance sheet and position the company for long-term sustainability.

The approval will be granted at an Extraordinary General Meeting (EGM) scheduled for February 5, 2026 in Lagos.

Currently, Universal Insurance’s share capital stands at N8 billion, with 16 billion ordinary shares held by existing shareholders on the NGX. The board is seeking to revalidate, authorise, and regularise 14 billion unissued ordinary shares for the planned capital raise and also secure approval to list and admit the new shares for trading

Following resolutions passed at the Extraordinary General Meeting (EGM), Universal Insurance Plc is moving forward with a comprehensive recapitalisation programme aimed at reinforcing its capital base and improving its capacity to underwrite larger and more diversified risks.

Shareholders approved the plan to raise new equity through a combination of capital market instruments, subject to regulatory approvals, as part of efforts to meet industry capital requirements and support future growth.

Gross premium written rose to N18.59 billion, up from N12.29 billion a year earlier, driven by increased underwriting activity across key insurance segments. Insurance revenue also grew to N14.68 billion, compared with N9.85 billion in the prior period, reflecting stronger risk acceptance and improved pricing discipline.

Despite higher insurance service expenses, the company posted an insurance service result of N1.13 billion, while net investment income surged to N2.79 billion, supported largely by fair value gains on financial assets. As a result, net insurance and investment income increased to N5.18 billion, nearly double the N2.61 billion recorded in the same period of 2024.

On the balance sheet, total assets expanded to N21.82 billion as at September 30, 2025, from N18.14 billion a year earlier, supported by growth in financial assets and investment properties. Shareholders’ funds rose to N14.38 billion, up from N12.33 billion, reflecting improved profitability and reserve accumulation.

Investors have also responded positively to Universal Insurance’s performance, with its stock delivering an 83.33 percent return in 2025, rising from N0.66 to N1.21 per share, and trading volumes exceeding 6 billion shares.

The recapitalisation initiative, combined with the improving financial performance recorded in Q3’25, underscores Universal Insurance Plc’s determination to reposition itself as a more resilient and competitive player in Nigeria’s insurance industry.

The company aims to deliver improved value to policyholders, investors, and partners, while supporting broader economic activity and generating sustainable returns for shareholders.


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