Telecom
Towards Cashless Societies: Mobile Money Leading the Way in West Africa
Lauded as one of the 21st century’s most transformative financial tools, mobile money has significantly inspired financial inclusion by providing previously unbanked and underbanked populations the access to essential financial services.
This innovation empowers individuals and businesses with the tools to send and receive remittances, make seamless payments for goods and services and save money, while ultimately contributing to faster economic growth and development across the region.
Research from GSMA’s The State of the Industry Report on Mobile Money 2024 reveals that over the past decade, increased adoption of mobile money services has significantly improved GDP. This has contributed an impressive USD 600 billion to the economies of countries utilising these platforms. This finding reaffirms the transformative economic potential of mobile money as it drives entrepreneurship, increases consumer spending and enhances overall economic activity.
The popularity of mobile money in East Africa has not only redefined the scope of financial inclusion but has also spurred significant economic growth and altered consumer behaviour within and outside the region. Specifically, the success of platforms like M-Pesa has provided a powerful blueprint, easily demonstrating how mobile money can democratise access to financial services and drive socio-economic development.
This SeerBit whitepaper casts a deep look at mobile money’s regional adoption trends, its economic contributions and the challenges of scalability, while advocating for urgent, collective action to unlock mobile money’s benefits, paving the way for a more connected and prosperous future in the region.
Rise of Mobile Money Adoption Across West Africa
The Macroeconomic Performance and Outlook (MEO) report developed by the African Development Bank Group notes that Africa will account for 11 of the world’s 20 fastest-growing economies in 2024 – with the continent set to remain the second-fastest-growing region after Asia.
Mobile money adoption is playing a significant role in this growth.
In the 10 years leading up to 2022, mobile money contributed USD 600 billion to the GDP of countries with a mobile money service, according to the GSMA’s The State of the Industry Report on Mobile Money 2024 (SOTIR 2024).
Spotlighting West Africa in particular, which currently has a population of over 451 million (United Nations), West African Economic and Monetary Union (WAEMU) countries have seen increased financial account ownership since 2014, with mobile money accounts witnessing increased adoption and usage. On average, 41 percent of adults in the WAEMU have an account with a bank or similar institution or with a mobile money service. Senegal has the highest account ownership rate at 56 percent, but the country still falls 15 percent below the developing economy average.
In Nigeria, where a majority of adults remain unbanked or underserved due to the limitations of traditional banking infrastructure, the country’s dynamic fintech sector is bridging those gaps with mobile money, digital payment platforms and wallets to reach underserved populations in rural and remote areas. While digital transactions have grown, they are yet to exceed cash-based transactions. A recent GSMA report reveals that Nigeria’s mobile money account ownership increased to 22 percent among all adults that are aware of mobile money and have used a mobile phone in 2022 and the number of adult account owners who have used mobile money in Nigeria in the last 30 days increased to 80 percent – this was up from 61 percent in 2021.
Global Findex data suggests there are opportunities to accelerate ownership and usage through digital financial enablement.
What You Should Know About Mobile Money in West Africa
Here are some interesting things to note about the adoption and effectiveness of mobile money in West Africa.
Mobile money is bridging the financial inclusion gap in West Africa
If there is one thing industry critics can agree on, it is that mobile money services continue to play a critical role in financial inclusion across the continent, providing a secure and convenient platform for transactions, bill payments and access to banking services, highlighting the demand for accessible financial services where traditional banking infrastructure is minimal and as such unable to address the needs of the populace.
Mobile money has had a gender-equalising effect in most countries, except for Côte d’Ivoire, which has a 13 percent gap due to males having adopted mobile-based accounts at a higher rate.
Mobile money has also enabled more women to save money than other financial services. For instance, in Senegal, only six percent of women saved using a traditional bank or other financial accounts in 2021, whereas four times more women chose mobile money to save.
Enabling regulation has led to greater access to and use of mobile money
As an important solution in the provision of basic transactional financial services to populations largely underserved by formal financial institutions, mobile money services are subject to a range of regulations.
It has generally been accepted by regulators, mobile money providers and investors that regulation has a material impact on mobile money adoption and usage. Regulation affects the ease with which new customers can enrol to a mobile money service and the range of services offered, as well as the commercial and operating environment for providers and investors.
Fintechs are instrumental to making mobile money a success in West Africa
Fintech companies in Nigeria are collaborating with traditional banks to tailor services to the evolving needs of Nigerian consumers and businesses. These offerings pair a range of traditional banking products such as savings accounts and bill payments with innovative tech solutions such as lending platforms, virtual investment advisors, digital insurance products, and digital remittance solutions.
Fintech platforms such as SeerBit offer more widely accessible financial products that can help close the unmet credit demands of micro, small and medium-sized businesses in the country. A 2022 IFC Nigerian SME Finance Market report estimates this is around 13 trillion Nigerian naira (equivalent to USD 9 billion today). These products include invoice financing services, supply chain finance solutions, inventory management systems, data analytics tools, digital capital investment, digital assets, neo-banking and digital accounting and bookkeeping tools tailored to their needs.
West Africa Making a Bold Statement With Mobile Money
Despite several infrastructural, economic, social and regulatory challenges in West Africa, countries in the region are making meaningful strides to address all these areas. This is evidenced by countries in the region leading the mobile money adoption race globally. In 2023, over a third of new registered and active 30-day accounts globally were from West Africa and these accounted for transaction volumes of 19 billion, an increase of 40 percent from the previous year and transaction values of USD 347 billion, also up 40 percent from the previous year.
Mobile money adoption in West Africa is booming, with the GSMA reporting over 500 million active mobile money accounts in the region by 2023. The World Bank highlights that mobile money transactions are growing rapidly, driven by increased smartphone penetration and financial inclusion efforts. Despite this progress, challenges persist, including regulatory hurdles and infrastructure limitations. According to the GSMA, over 40 percent of the region’s population remains unbanked, which hampers broader adoption. Additionally, cybersecurity threats and digital literacy gaps could inhibit future growth. Addressing these challenges will be crucial for sustaining the upward trajectory of mobile money in West Africa.
Towards Cashless Societies
In January 2024, Bloomberg reported that six of the top 10 performing economies in the world were predicted to come from Sub-Saharan Africa. The continent’s youthful population is also an enormous opportunity for economic growth.
Africa also has the advantage of having fewer legacy challenges to deal with and is, therefore, adopting digitised solutions faster out of necessity.
Today’s technologies are a good indicator of the scale and speed at which technology is transforming traditional socioeconomic sectors across the continent. African countries are implementing key policies to accelerate digital payments adoption, creating a competitive market with solutions tailored to the underserved.
How Can Africa Further Accelerate the Growth and Adoption of Mobile Money?
Connectivity is critical.
Widespread internet access would enable card-based transactions at merchant/agent locations. Offline solutions and strong interoperability policies are crucial for addressing connectivity challenges.
What’s the Future Outlook on Mobile Money Adoption?
In two words: Quite positive.
Beyond improving financial inclusion and access to other digitally enabled services, the adoption, use and growth of mobile money are now reflected in macroeconomic indicators – an increase in mobile money adoption will inevitably lead to a rise in GDP.
The emergence of mobile money as an alternative cashless currency has fundamentally changed the way people access financial services, enabling millions of unbanked individuals to store and manage money through their mobile devices.
However, despite this progress, a significant portion of Africa’s population remains outside the traditional banking system, facing limited and costly banking services.
Ease in regulation has played a key role in driving mobile money adoption in West Africa. As mobile money continues to gain traction, it is crucial that the regulatory frameworks in many West African nations evolve to meet dynamic needs. Effective regulations are essential to protect consumers while encouraging new entrants and consistent innovation in the market.
By establishing a robust regulatory environment, African countries will ensure that mobile money remains a powerful tool for economic empowerment and financial inclusion, ultimately driving sustainable development across each region.
Download the full report for free here.
MTN Nigeria has raised the bar for corporate disclosure in Africa after publishing its 2025 sustainability report in full compliance with International Financial Reporting Standards S1 and S2.
Dr. Karl Toriola, CEO of MTN Nigeria,
The report, independently assured by Ernst & Young, marks the telecom operator’s seventh consecutive annual sustainability publication and third year as an early adopter of the global framework ahead of its mandatory implementation.
Dr. Karl Toriola, CEO of MTN Nigeria, said, “strong governance and ethical conduct are foundational to our sustainability strategy. We reinforced compliance through our Conduct Passport Framework and robust internal controls.”
He added that “in May 2025, we became the first telecommunications company in Nigeria to publicly present a sustainability report on the Nigerian Exchange Group platform, an important milestone in our commitment to IFRS S1 and S2- aligned disclosure and accountability.”
The company also secured Carbon Disclosure Project ratings of ‘B-’ for climate change and ‘C’ for water security.
Under the IFRS S2 framework, the telecoms operator disclosed climate-related risks linked to flooding, heat stress, regulatory changes and possible future taxes or charges on carbon emissions, following a climate scenario analysis completed in 2024.
The report also showed that MTN Nigeria now uses a digital reporting format – XBRL. This makes its sustainability and governance data easier for investors and ESG rating agencies to access and analyse through automated systems.
The Company also carried out assessments to understand how sustainability issues affect both its business operations and society at large, while measuring its overall economic, environmental and social impact from 2021 to 2024.
In addition, over one-third of MTN Nigeria’s biggest suppliers (based on spending) have committed to supporting the company’s net-zero emissions goals, although these commitments have not yet gone through an independent audit or verification process.
Nigerian Communications Commission (NCC) and the Corporate Affairs Commission (CAC) have announced a new compliance requirement mandating telecommunications companies to obtain regulatory approval before effecting significant changes in their ownership structure.
The directive, jointly issued by the two agencies, requires any proposed transfer of ownership or control of shares amounting to 10 per cent or more of the total share capital of a company licensed by the NCC to secure a Letter of No Objection from the commission before such transactions can be registered with the CAC.
The agencies said the requirement was in line with the provisions of Section 90 of the Nigerian Communications Act (NCA) 2003, Regulation 28(2) of the Competition Practices Regulations, 2007, and Regulation 42 of the Licensing Regulations, 2019.
According to the statement, the regulations empower the NCC to oversee and review transactions involving licensed communications companies and ensure fair competition within the sector.
“Effective immediately, any proposed transfer of ownership or control of shares in a licensee of the Nigerian Communications Commission amounting to 10 per cent or more of the total share capital, as well as any series of share transfers which in aggregate exceed 10 per cent of the total share capital of the licensee, shall require a Letter of No Objection from NCC in order for the changes to be effected and registered with the CAC,” the statement said.
The agencies explained that the CAC would henceforth ensure that all applications for changes in shareholding structures involving 10 per cent or more of a telecommunications company’s share capital are accompanied by evidence of prior approval from the NCC.
They noted that the measure was aimed at preserving a fair and competitive market structure within the communications sector by preventing direct or indirect anti-competitive practices.
According to the statement, the new requirement will also strengthen regulatory oversight of significant changes in ownership and control of licensed telecommunications operators.
The agencies said the initiative would enhance transparency, boost investor confidence, provide regulatory certainty and safeguard the long-term sustainability and stability of the communications industry.
The NCC and CAC reaffirmed their commitment to promoting a transparent, stable and competitive business environment in Nigeria.
They pledged to continue working closely to ensure fair market practices, strengthen regulatory certainty and support the orderly and sustainable development of the nation’s communications sector.
National Agency for Science and Engineering Infrastructure (NASENI) has signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with the Rural Electrification Agency (REA) to promote locally manufactured renewable energy technologies under the Federal Government’s ‘Nigeria First Policy’.
L-R: EVC/CEO, National Agency for Science and Engineering Infrastructure, Mr. Khalil Suleiman Halilu; Director-General of the Bureau of Public Procurement (BPP), Dr. Adebowale Abraham Adedokun; and Dr. Abba Abubakar Aliyu, Managing Director and Chief Executive Officer of the Rural Electrification Agency (REA), at the signing of the MoU on implementation of Nigeria First Policy for offtake of NSSENI’s renewable energy products for rural electrification projects held on Friday, June 19, 2026 at BPP’s office in Abuja.
The agreement signing was facilitated by the Director-General of the Bureau of Public Procurement (BPP), Dr. Adebowale Abraham Adedokun at the BPP headquarters in Abuja on Friday, June 19, 2026.
Speaking at the event, the Executive Vice Chairman/CEO of NASENI, Mr. Khalil Suleiman Halilu, said the Agency is focused on linking research, production, and commercialization to ensure that innovations are translated into market-ready products.
He said “NASENI would scale up renewable energy production, including solar panels and streetlights, through initiatives such as DefFrontier, to strengthen local manufacturing and reduce import dependence, adding that the Agency will meet the renewable energy requirements of REA.”
Instead of continuous importation of technologies, machines and equipment for producing renewable energy solutions, NASENI by this MoU will be committed to local manufacturing and domestication of the technologies, equipment and other ways and means of proliferation of renewable resource in the country and to increase the nation’s off-grid energy solutions.
The Managing Director/CEO of REA, Dr. Abba Abubakar Aliyu, described the relationship with NASENI as a strategic partnership aimed at building Nigeria’s renewable energy ecosystem through local production and deployment.
He stated that “while NASENI provides the manufacturing and technological capacity for renewable equipment, REA will focus on deploying solutions to expand electricity across rural areas.”
Meanwhile, the Director-General of BPP, Dr. Adebowale Abraham Adedokun, said the Nigeria First Policy, exemplified by this agreement, is aimed at strengthening local content, ensuring value for money, and promoting accountability in public procurement.
He emphasized that implementation of the agreement will be performance-based, with strict monitoring to ensure compliance and measurable outcome. He added that the MoU is expected to deepen collaboration between NASENI and REA in expanding renewable energy and reducing dependence on imported technologies.
The MoU will be implemented through NASENI’s subsidiary company, NASENI Devfrontier Green Energy FZE and REA limited liability company, RAMco.The two Federal Government agencies seek to establish a strategic collaboration under which REA shall offtake PV modules, inverters, energy storage batteries of NASENI-Devfrontier Green Energy FZE directly or through its approved distribution companies/assembly and manufacturing factory.
As part of the agreement, REA shall provide institutional visibility to enable NASENI participate in electrification projects; facilitate opportunities for engagements between NASENI and eligible developers/contractors under REA programs; ensure that such facilitation is consistent with applicable procurement, local content, and transparency requirements; and also collaborate with NASENI in promoting standardized, high-quality PV technologies across its programme portfolio.
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