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Unlicensed & Licensed Bands for Wireless Networks Expanding SATCOM Role in Booming Market

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Andrew Aroh

5G brings three new aspects to the table: greater speed [to move more data]; Lower latency [to be more responsive]; higher capacity (the ability to connect a lot more smart devices and sensor at once).

There will be slow but responsive 5G.

There will be also fast 5G with limited coverage.

Spectrum-wise 5G runs in three kinds of airwaves: Low–Frequency bands networks; Mid–Frequency bands networks; and high–Frequency bands networks.

Low –Frequency bands 5G networks use existing cellular band and Wi-Fi band [5 GHz] by taking advantage of more flexible encoding using OFDM [better spectral efficiency, data reliability and effective range].The resulting bigger channel sizes thus created achieves speeds 25 to 50 percent better than 4G [2Gbps].

This yields about 3.5Gbps which is better than existing 54 Mbps for Wi-Fi.

These networks can cover the same distances using existing cellular networks and generally won’t need additional cell sites/Access points (AP).

Thus, even with existing macro cells 5G will be able to boost capacity by four times better than current systems by leveraging wide bandwidths and advanced antenna technologies [Multi beam with massive MIMO].

The goal is to have far higher speeds available and far higher capacity per sector, at far lower latency than 4G [20-30ms].

The standards bodies involved are aiming at 20Gbps speeds and 1ms Latency, at which point very interesting things begin to happen.

The first applications for 5G includes fixed wireless access for homes and enhanced mobile broadband [eMBB] services using new 5G phones, tablets, wireless access modems and  HOTSPOTS.

High –speed wireless links tend to be deployed in conjunction with wireless access technologies, namely:

  • LMDS/WLL base/earth stations
  • Mobile Voice and Data base/earth stations
  • Hotspot [Wi-Fi] base/earth stations

Hotspot access network is one in which wireless access is enabled by 802.11-based Wi-Fi technology.

This allows very high–speed roamable access to: Portable computers, PDAs, video games, services terminals of various types [e.g. IPAD], warehouse/industrial equipment, office computers, hand/personal wireless phones i.e. GMPCS (Global Mobile Personal Communications by Satellite).

Hotspots have been vigorously deployed to primarily serve the travelling business community with the current applications being corporate LAN access.

Hotels, airports, conferences centers, restaurant centers and shopping malls are the current deployment targets intended to serve these markets.

The low cost of the user terminals coupled with the pseudo-mobility of this technology will see it in wide spread HOME INDOOR and OUTDOOR deployments with virtually unlimited applications and services.

This technology has found its way into a merger of sorts with the existing mobile voice networks, providing much sort after integrated mobile voice & data networks with widespread ubiquitous coverage provided via satellite.

Larger Hotspots are constructed using a number of short range Access Points [APs] operating in unlicensed band allocations at 2.4, 5.2 or 5.8 GHz.

Each AP can provide access rates of 11Mbps or 54Mbps using highly standardization 802. 11a/b/g/n using COFDM technology for large and scalable Networks.

The Hotspots within a given metropolitan networks can then be linked using wire line/cable or wireless technologies.

Like other cellular networks, 5G networks use a system of Cell Sites/APs that divide their territory into sectors and send encoded data [using OFDM] through radio waves. Each site must be connected to a network backbone. High speed wireless links operating above 50Mbps can be operated in unlicensed bands or licensed bands depending upon the services and perceived interference immunity of the links, whether through a wired or wireless backhaul connection.

  • When considering, wireless inter Hotspot, links, the use of unlicensed technology is attractive since the entire 802.11 user access layer is unlicensed.
  • However, once aggregation in the Hotspot has occurred, the interference prone nature of the unlicensed bands makes them unstable choices for backhaul except for bands like 24GHz and 60GHz in which there is a high degree of natural or regulated interference immunity.
  • As a result, the aggregation of the data from these access cells tend to be focused on high-speed, highly reliable and predictable links constructed using fiber [If available] or licensed high-speed wireless using satellite technology or microwave links. Frequencies such as 18, 23, 26 and 28 GHz are often candidates for these licensed links. Care must be taken when considering unlicensed operation in the 5.8GHz band since this band is highly prone to interference .The 24 GHZ allocation does allow only highly directive PTP links and 60 GHz offers very highly natural attenuation against undesired interferences. Ultimately, the best reliability and predictability are offered by licensed links.
  • 5G over satellite catches on much faster than unexpected:
  • Satellite must be inserted into the global virtualized architecture
  • Industrial companies have demonstrated the use of satellite communications capabilities integrated and interoperable in the 5G environment, achieve interoperability of networks and demonstrate the functionality, performance and benefits brought by the use of satellite. The first phase leveraged existing space and ground segment assets and new development enables the high efficiency, high performance, virtualization and multi service capability paramount for the main 5G use cases.
  • These activities drives the full integration of satellite in 5G through open and standard solutions, facilitated primarily through 3GPP standardization.

SATELLITE PROVIDERS LOOK TO EXPAND ROLE IN BOOMING Wi-Fi MARKET:

  • Increasing demand for broadband internet access anytime, anywhere is what is fueling the growth of Wifi services.
  • Satellite services providers are moving into the booming market for wireless communications by offering satellite links for Wi-Fi [Short for Wireless Fidelity] hot-spots.
  • The market is substantial as Wi-Fi hot-spots continue to pop up in office buildings and other public and private venues around the world. Indeed, both satellite and terrestrial service providers are competing to offer the services.
  • Just as satellite backhaul has helped expand the reach of mobile telephone networks, it can also expand Wi-Fi access.
  • Rural markets in developed countries, such as France, as well as those in less developed area in Africa, are being brought across the digital divide because of such access.
  • A particularly interesting satellite application in the U.S.A is to connect temporary Wi-Fi hot-spots used for sporting events and natural disaster relief.

Broadband wireless software and network providers have found that satellite networking can work better than terrestrial lines to connect wide area Wi-Fi hot-spot networks.

Installing a nationwide-network with terrestrial links [Lines] involves complexities that can include the use of multiple vendors, long lead lines, and multiple points of contact for repairs.

Satellite network uses a single vendor.

  • A strategic partner and value added reseller can provide an internet portal for truckers with Wi-Fi hot spots at more than 250 truck shops. It can also offer software solutions and a satellite network capable of transmitting data at up to 48 megabits per second.
  • When drivers or any other subscribers are in a hot-spot, they have access to a proprietary network that can transmit application data, access the internet and intranets, as well as send and receive-email.
  • To enhance cost-effectiveness of its system, service partners can design their networks around hotspot access locations that will be located strategically across the country.
  • Wi-fi hotspots provide an excellent avenue for satellite systems to provide broadband access even with traditional-distribution satellites.

Andrew Aroh is President SSPI Nigeria


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d.light Provides 10,000 Solar Home Systems to Refugees

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d.light, the global provider of transformational household products and affordable finance for low-income households, is providing 10,000 subsidized solar home systems to refugees who have fled conflict in South Sudan and the Democratic Republic of Congo and who are now living in refugee camps in Northern and Western Uganda.

The 10,000 units are part of a wider initiative to supply 23,000 solar home systems to Ugandan refugee communities.

The project is being funded by a USD$3.4M grant from Private Sector Foundation Uganda (PSFU), a body made up of business associations, companies and public sector agencies in Uganda: and Energising Development (EnDev), an international programme by the German, Dutch, Norwegian and Swiss governments to provide access to affordable, reliable, sustainable energy for delivering social, economic, and environmental change.

The project began in April and is scheduled to run for 12 months. Funds from the grant are subject to results based financing (RBF) and d.light will only receive funding for solar home systems that have been installed.

Each solar home system from d.light features three high-efficiency LED lights, an FM radio with MP3 playback, mobile phone charging capability, and a portable solar flashlight.

Commenting on the news, d.light’s Managing Director for Uganda Douglas Gavala said, “With this grant, we can expand the important work we’re doing to improve living conditions for underserved refugee communities from South Sudan, the DRC and elsewhere who are living in refugee camps in Uganda.

“A solar home system significantly improves the quality of life and wellbeing of a household – whether it’s providing entertainment or letting a family stay up to date on local and global news on the radio or enabling children to continue reading and studying after dark.

“As well as benefits at home, d.light products also bolster household income in Uganda’s refugee settlements by extending working hours for tradespeople and small businesses, and providing an income for residents who work as d.light salespeople in the settlements.

“By providing high-quality solar products at an affordable price, we are improving the quality of life for displaced people while simultaneously encouraging economic activity at a grassroots level.”

 


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DG NITDA Reiterates Needs for Safe and Inclusive Digital Environment

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To forge strategic partnerships and collaboration for the advancement of Nigeria’s digital transformation Agenda, the Director General of the National Information Technology Development Agency (NITDA), Kashifu Inuwa has reiterated the need for a safe and inclusive online environment responsible for human and Artificial Intelligence (AI) practices in country.

Inuwa made the statement while playing host to a team from TikTok who visited Agency’s Corporate Headquarters in Abuja to seek alliance towards bolstering the country, which aligns with President Bola Ahmed Tinubu priority area of strengthening national security for peace and prosperity.

The DG stated that content moderation strategies will help in addressing online problems like hate speech, misinformation, and cyberbullying in relation to the protection of minors across the country.

“With the Code of practice for Interactive Computer Service Platforms/Internet Intermediaries in place, this has helped in ensuring digital safety in accordance with global best practice and content moderation to enhance security”, he said.

He further noted that “no organisation or institution can operate in silos, we need each other for the actualisation of our goals and objectives towards services delivery and for the advancement of the Nation.”

Highlighting some critical areas, Inuwa stated that leveraging on the platform will advance the country through Digital Literacy 4 All (DL4ALL), Capacity Building, knowledge sharing, trainings, and curbing misinformation, digital safety with the aim of creating a safer cyber space and empowering online environment for Nigerian users.

He added that the platform allows for creative expression through filters, stickers, and editing tools, entertainment and comedy are dominant themes, and informational videos on various topics are gaining traction which has become a launchpad for influencers and trends that can go viral.

Inuwa also explained that NITDA’s Strategic Roadmap and Action Plan 2.0 (SRAP 2024-2027) is structured around eight pillars which include; Fostering Digital Literacy and Cultivating Talents, Building a Robust Technology Research Ecosystem, Strengthening Policy Implementation and Legal Frameworks, Promoting Inclusive Access to Digital Infrastructure and Services, Enhancing Cybersecurity and Digital Trust, Nurturing an Innovative and Entrepreneurial Ecosystem, Forging Strategic Partnerships and Collaborations, and Cultivating a Vibrant organisational Culture with an Agile Workforce.

In her earlier remarks, the Head of Government Regulation and Public Policy TikTok Nigeria and West Africa, Mrs Tokunbo Ibrahim has revealed that NITDA is one of its biggest and critical stakeholders in Nigeria that has an outstanding strides and performance in advancing the digital economy sector.

Ibrahim commended NITDA for its various initiatives, programmes, and policies set in place and aligns with that of TikTok, providing the opportunity were Nigerians use the platform to market, sell and export their products and services as well as talents to the outside world and make a living out of it.
She pointed out that there are projects and programmes that TikTok platform has forge ties of collaboration with, like the Africa creator hub where they do campaigns for tech creator, support, empower, and educate them on how to create contents and explore other sections of the platform, changing their narrative and adding values to what they are doing.

Ibrahim also added that TikTok platform considers online safety as one of its critical areas to secure the cyber space by providing an avenue for users to thrive and be productive in their various activities.

TikTok is currently running African mall to push the narrative of Africa to the world and creators are being equipped with information that they can create contents for products and services in Nigeria, thus can be exported to other countries of the world attracting investments


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Dr. Adesina, AfDB Group President Calls for Media Transformation to Uplift Africa’s Global Narrative

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Dr Akinwumi Adesina, the President of the African Development Bank Group, delivered an impassioned plea for more balanced media coverage of Africa and its development, noting it was critical for changing false narratives.

Adesina said this on Thursday in a keynote speech to the All Africa’s Media summit in Nairobi, attended by nearly 300 participants from across the continent. He praised the crucial role the media plays in strengthening democracy and advancing inclusivity.

The Bank Group president said there were many positive developments in Africa yet the continent continues to suffer misrepresentations which undermine its economic progress and investment potential.

“Despite the significant progress within our continent, the prevailing media narrative often focuses on negative stereotypes, overlooking the substantial advancements and resilience Africa demonstrates,” he added.

Adesina said there was plenty of positive news to report about and highlighted the continent’s economic resilience regional and amid global challenges. He said that in 2023, Africa’s growth rate surpassed the global average, with 11 African nations ranked among the world’s fastest-growing economies.

Adesina referenced a 2021 Africa No Filter Report, which revealed significant adherence to outdated and negative clichés in media reports about Africa. “It’s time for change,” he declared. “We must reshape the narrative about Africa to reflect its true spirit and potential.”

He emphasised the critical nature of information and its ability to have a profound negative impact on development and investor perceptions even though an in-depth investigation by Moody’s Analytics had shown the continent was much less of a risk than many other continents.

“We must promote a balanced view that highlights both the challenges and the many successes of Africa. It’s about changing perceptions and showcasing Africa as a continent rich with opportunity and innovation.”

The Bank Group President also spoke about the challenges and transformations within the media sector, highlighting the impact of digital technology.

“The media landscape has dramatically shifted with the rise of the internet and mobile technology, leading to a proliferation of digital platforms,” Adesina declared.

“While this has democratised information, it has also complicated issues, the distinction between fact and fiction can become blurred.”

To counter unfair and unbalanced narratives, Adesina urged the creation of a powerful, globally respected African media and proposed strategic collaborations among regional financial institutions to support this cause, emphasising the need for media to act as a catalyst for development.

“We need to celebrate and promote the continent’s successes, turning the tide against the longstanding stereotypes that have clouded the global view of Africa… What you call yourself, is the name others will subscribe to you.”

“For as long as we continually denigrate ourselves and play into the hands of those who control the narrative about Africa, we will be stuck with a label that does not belong to us,” he concluded.

He highlighted the African Development Bank’s own successes which included maintaining a AAA credit rating and launching groundbreaking financial initiatives that have earned it respect as an innovative and successful multilateral development bank.

“We have proven that Africa can lead with innovation and strength in the global financial landscape,” the President remarked. “Yet, these achievements receive minimal attention compared to the persistent focus on Africa’s challenges.”

Adesina added that just one month ago, the Bank launched a landmark $750 million hybrid capital instrument, again with a Triple A rating, which was oversubscribed eight times. He described this as a huge “testament to the confidence and trust in Africa’s burgeoning financial capabilities.”

He pledged that the African Development Bank remained committed to supporting initiatives that would help the media present a more balanced and progressive portrayal of Africa and support its economic development.

In a discussion with Julie Gichuru of the Mastercard Foundation after his address, Adesina said Africa was blessed with energy sources, but millions remained without electricity. “This must change,” he said.

“We cannot industrialise in the dark, we cannot develop in the dark. Our children cannot be competitive in a world of darkness,” he concluded.


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