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Unlicensed & Licensed Bands for Wireless Networks Expanding SATCOM Role in Booming Market

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Andrew Aroh

5G brings three new aspects to the table: greater speed [to move more data]; Lower latency [to be more responsive]; higher capacity (the ability to connect a lot more smart devices and sensor at once).

There will be slow but responsive 5G.

There will be also fast 5G with limited coverage.

Spectrum-wise 5G runs in three kinds of airwaves: Low–Frequency bands networks; Mid–Frequency bands networks; and high–Frequency bands networks.

Low –Frequency bands 5G networks use existing cellular band and Wi-Fi band [5 GHz] by taking advantage of more flexible encoding using OFDM [better spectral efficiency, data reliability and effective range].The resulting bigger channel sizes thus created achieves speeds 25 to 50 percent better than 4G [2Gbps].

This yields about 3.5Gbps which is better than existing 54 Mbps for Wi-Fi.

These networks can cover the same distances using existing cellular networks and generally won’t need additional cell sites/Access points (AP).

Thus, even with existing macro cells 5G will be able to boost capacity by four times better than current systems by leveraging wide bandwidths and advanced antenna technologies [Multi beam with massive MIMO].

The goal is to have far higher speeds available and far higher capacity per sector, at far lower latency than 4G [20-30ms].

The standards bodies involved are aiming at 20Gbps speeds and 1ms Latency, at which point very interesting things begin to happen.

The first applications for 5G includes fixed wireless access for homes and enhanced mobile broadband [eMBB] services using new 5G phones, tablets, wireless access modems and  HOTSPOTS.

High –speed wireless links tend to be deployed in conjunction with wireless access technologies, namely:

  • LMDS/WLL base/earth stations
  • Mobile Voice and Data base/earth stations
  • Hotspot [Wi-Fi] base/earth stations

Hotspot access network is one in which wireless access is enabled by 802.11-based Wi-Fi technology.

This allows very high–speed roamable access to: Portable computers, PDAs, video games, services terminals of various types [e.g. IPAD], warehouse/industrial equipment, office computers, hand/personal wireless phones i.e. GMPCS (Global Mobile Personal Communications by Satellite).

Hotspots have been vigorously deployed to primarily serve the travelling business community with the current applications being corporate LAN access.

Hotels, airports, conferences centers, restaurant centers and shopping malls are the current deployment targets intended to serve these markets.

The low cost of the user terminals coupled with the pseudo-mobility of this technology will see it in wide spread HOME INDOOR and OUTDOOR deployments with virtually unlimited applications and services.

This technology has found its way into a merger of sorts with the existing mobile voice networks, providing much sort after integrated mobile voice & data networks with widespread ubiquitous coverage provided via satellite.

Larger Hotspots are constructed using a number of short range Access Points [APs] operating in unlicensed band allocations at 2.4, 5.2 or 5.8 GHz.

Each AP can provide access rates of 11Mbps or 54Mbps using highly standardization 802. 11a/b/g/n using COFDM technology for large and scalable Networks.

The Hotspots within a given metropolitan networks can then be linked using wire line/cable or wireless technologies.

Like other cellular networks, 5G networks use a system of Cell Sites/APs that divide their territory into sectors and send encoded data [using OFDM] through radio waves. Each site must be connected to a network backbone. High speed wireless links operating above 50Mbps can be operated in unlicensed bands or licensed bands depending upon the services and perceived interference immunity of the links, whether through a wired or wireless backhaul connection.

  • When considering, wireless inter Hotspot, links, the use of unlicensed technology is attractive since the entire 802.11 user access layer is unlicensed.
  • However, once aggregation in the Hotspot has occurred, the interference prone nature of the unlicensed bands makes them unstable choices for backhaul except for bands like 24GHz and 60GHz in which there is a high degree of natural or regulated interference immunity.
  • As a result, the aggregation of the data from these access cells tend to be focused on high-speed, highly reliable and predictable links constructed using fiber [If available] or licensed high-speed wireless using satellite technology or microwave links. Frequencies such as 18, 23, 26 and 28 GHz are often candidates for these licensed links. Care must be taken when considering unlicensed operation in the 5.8GHz band since this band is highly prone to interference .The 24 GHZ allocation does allow only highly directive PTP links and 60 GHz offers very highly natural attenuation against undesired interferences. Ultimately, the best reliability and predictability are offered by licensed links.
  • 5G over satellite catches on much faster than unexpected:
  • Satellite must be inserted into the global virtualized architecture
  • Industrial companies have demonstrated the use of satellite communications capabilities integrated and interoperable in the 5G environment, achieve interoperability of networks and demonstrate the functionality, performance and benefits brought by the use of satellite. The first phase leveraged existing space and ground segment assets and new development enables the high efficiency, high performance, virtualization and multi service capability paramount for the main 5G use cases.
  • These activities drives the full integration of satellite in 5G through open and standard solutions, facilitated primarily through 3GPP standardization.

SATELLITE PROVIDERS LOOK TO EXPAND ROLE IN BOOMING Wi-Fi MARKET:

  • Increasing demand for broadband internet access anytime, anywhere is what is fueling the growth of Wifi services.
  • Satellite services providers are moving into the booming market for wireless communications by offering satellite links for Wi-Fi [Short for Wireless Fidelity] hot-spots.
  • The market is substantial as Wi-Fi hot-spots continue to pop up in office buildings and other public and private venues around the world. Indeed, both satellite and terrestrial service providers are competing to offer the services.
  • Just as satellite backhaul has helped expand the reach of mobile telephone networks, it can also expand Wi-Fi access.
  • Rural markets in developed countries, such as France, as well as those in less developed area in Africa, are being brought across the digital divide because of such access.
  • A particularly interesting satellite application in the U.S.A is to connect temporary Wi-Fi hot-spots used for sporting events and natural disaster relief.

Broadband wireless software and network providers have found that satellite networking can work better than terrestrial lines to connect wide area Wi-Fi hot-spot networks.

Installing a nationwide-network with terrestrial links [Lines] involves complexities that can include the use of multiple vendors, long lead lines, and multiple points of contact for repairs.

Satellite network uses a single vendor.

  • A strategic partner and value added reseller can provide an internet portal for truckers with Wi-Fi hot spots at more than 250 truck shops. It can also offer software solutions and a satellite network capable of transmitting data at up to 48 megabits per second.
  • When drivers or any other subscribers are in a hot-spot, they have access to a proprietary network that can transmit application data, access the internet and intranets, as well as send and receive-email.
  • To enhance cost-effectiveness of its system, service partners can design their networks around hotspot access locations that will be located strategically across the country.
  • Wi-fi hotspots provide an excellent avenue for satellite systems to provide broadband access even with traditional-distribution satellites.

Andrew Aroh is President SSPI Nigeria


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General News

Airtel Africa Foundation Calls for Applications for “DigiLeap” Tech Training for Young Women

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The Airtel Africa Foundation, through Airtel Nigeria, has officially opened the application portal for the DigiLeap Tech Drive, a core initiative in the Foundation’s digital inclusion agenda. The application portal will be open until 8th May 2026.

Targeting 200 underserved young women in the Ikorodu Local Government Area of Lagos State, the programme is designed to bridge the gender divide in the digital economy by providing intensive, industry-standard technical and digital literacy training at no cost to the beneficiaries.

The DigiLeap Tech Drive is a strategic collaboration between the Airtel Africa Foundation, the ISHK Tolaram Foundation, and Co-Creation Hub (CcHub), with implementation carried out by the SAIL Innovation Lab, a leading centre for digital talent development in Nigeria.

Strategically engineered to transform high-potential individuals into workforce-ready professionals, this high-impact project will provide technical instruction, mentorship, and job-placement linkages, directly tackling regional unemployment and the systemic underrepresentation of women in the global technology sector.

Commenting on the project, Dr Segun Ogunsanya, Chairman of the Airtel Africa Foundation, emphasised that the partnership between the Foundation, Ishk Tolaram, and CcHub is central to the Foundation’s holistic mission of advancing both digital and gender inclusion across the continent.

“Our mission at the Airtel Africa Foundation is to accelerate digital inclusion across the continent,” he said. “By bringing the DigiLeap Tech Drive to the women of Ikorodu alongside Ishk Tolaram and CcHub, we are providing 200 young women with a definitive competitive advantage in the modern economy. This initiative ensures the digital revolution is truly inclusive; it isn’t merely a training session, but a professional pipeline designed to transition these women directly into internships and sustainable careers.”

In his remarks on the flag-off, Dinesh Balsingh, Chief Executive Officer, Airtel Nigeria, highlighted Airtel’s dedication to ensuring that women are integrated into the country’s rapidly evolving digital economy.

“At Airtel Nigeria, we believe that empowering women with digital skills is a fundamental catalyst for national economic growth. With the DigiLeap tech training, we are creating a sustainable pathway for young women in underserved communities to move from the sidelines of the digital economy into the heart of the tech workforce. This initiative reflects our deep-rooted commitment to social impact and our belief that when women lead in technology, entire communities thrive,” he said.

Focusing on industry-standard competencies that enhance both employability and entrepreneurship readiness, application entry into the programme is now live and open to women aged 18–35 living in Ikorodu.

 


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Cross River State Isolates 10 More Persons with COVID Symptoms

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Cross River State Government said it has identified and isolated 10 persons who interacted with a Chinese national who reimported COVID-19 into Nigeria.

Cross River State Isolates 10 More Persons with COVID Symptoms

Nigeria Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (NCDC) while confirming a case of COVID-19 in the state, assured the public that there is no evidence of widespread transmission.

But, Dr. Inyang Ekpenyong, state epidemiologist, disclosed that the individuals were traced through contact tracing after interacting with the index case (Chinese national) and have since been placed under movement restriction.

“We’ve restricted their movements to their homes, so that they do not spread the symptoms to other persons,” Ekpenyong said, noting that the contacts were under close monitoring by health officials.

She added that surveillance teams had visited the expatriate’s workplace in Akamkpa to track possible exposure and prevent further transmission.

The affected Chinese national is currently receiving treatment at the University of Calabar Teaching Hospital (UCTH), where authorities said he was responding positively.

Ekpenyong reminded residents that COVID-19, despite first emerging about six years ago, has not been eradicated, urging continued adherence to preventive measures.

She advised the public to maintain regular hand sanitisation, use face masks where necessary, and follow public health guidelines issued by experts.

But, Dr. Jide Idris, director general, NCDC, said, “Public health surveillance systems remain active nationwide, and we are working closely with state authorities to ensure early detection and swift response to any case.”

In a statement on Wednesday, Dr. Idris, said there is no cause for alarm, adding that “We are monitoring the situation closely and our response systems are active and working,”.

Earlier, Dr. Henry Egbe Ayuk, state commissioner for Health,  confirmed the first case and assured residents that all necessary containment protocols had been activated.

According to Ayuk, the index case involves a 53-year-old Chinese national who arrived in Nigeria on March 17 and later developed symptoms while in Akamkpa.

He explained that the patient’s condition worsened while receiving treatment at a state facility before he was transferred to UCTH for advanced care.

“At the facility, samples were taken in line with established protocols, and it was confirmed that the patient showed symptoms of COVID-19,” Ayuk said.

“We are, however, happy to report that he is doing well,” he added.

The commissioner stressed that the state’s health system has been strengthened to respond effectively to outbreaks, with surveillance mechanisms fully operational across Cross River State.

He acknowledged the presence of occasional silent infections but maintained that the government remained prepared to manage any public health threat.

“But we are determined that for every ailment, every disease or outbreak, if it is identified here in the state, there should be no alarm. The state will do well in terms of surveillance or containment of an outbreak. Whatever it is, we will do our best to contain it. So, there is no alarm,” Ayuk stated.

Ayuk further noted that COVID-19 remains a global concern, warning that cross-border movement of infected individuals continues to pose risks.

“COVID-19 is not peculiar to Nigeria. But we’re determined to contain it. There’s no cause for alarm,” he said.

 

 


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The Visibility Trap

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By Ememobong Udofot

There is a persistent assumption in modern business that attention is progress. If people are seeing you, engaging with you, and talking about you, then you must be growing. On the surface, this feels true. In practice, it is one of the most expensive misconceptions companies carry.

Visibility is not legitimacy. And confusing the two creates fragile businesses that look successful long before they actually are.

Visibility is distribution. It is how often you are seen, how far your message travels, and how loudly you exist in a market. It is driven by campaigns, partnerships, content, and media. It is measurable in impressions, reach, mentions, and recall.

Legitimacy is something else entirely. It is not what people see. It is what they conclude. It is the quiet but critical judgement a user makes when deciding whether to trust you with something that matters. Their money, their time, their reputation, their belief. Legitimacy is not declared. It is inferred. This is where most companies miscalculate.

A platform can be highly visible and still feel unsafe. It can be everywhere and still feel uncertain. It can dominate conversations and still fail at conversion when the moment of decision arrives. Because today, users are not asking, “Have I seen this before?” They are asking, “Do I trust what happens next?”

In financial services, especially in emerging markets, this distinction becomes sharper. Users do not operate from abundance. They operate from risk awareness. Every transaction is evaluated, consciously or not, through a lens of potential loss. What could go wrong? How fast can I recover if it does? Who is accountable if it fails? Visibility does not answer these questions. Legitimacy does.

Legitimacy is built through signals that reduce perceived risk. Not theoretical safety, but experienced reliability. It shows up in consistency of outcomes, in how predictable your system is under pressure, and in whether your platform behaves the same way every time, not just when everything is working but also when something breaks. It is reinforced by clarity. Users trust what they understand, not what is explained to them in long paragraphs, but what is immediately obvious in interaction. What happens next, how long it takes and what they can expect. It is strengthened by accountability. Not in policy documents, but in visible behaviour. How issues are handled, how quickly they are resolved, whether responsibility is assumed or deflected.

These are not branding elements in the traditional sense. They are operational realities. But this is exactly where branding is often misunderstood. Brand is not what you say about your product. It is the system of signals that shape how your product is perceived before, during, and after use. While visibility amplifies your presence, legitimacy sustains your relevance.

When companies prioritize visibility without building legitimacy, they create a dangerous gap between expectation and experience. Growth accelerates, but trust does not compound at the same rate. Eventually, the system corrects itself. Users withdraw, reputation weakens, and recovery becomes significantly harder than initial growth.

On the other hand, when legitimacy is established first, visibility becomes an accelerator rather than a risk. Every new user acquired enters a system that can hold them. Every interaction reinforces the same conclusion. This works; I can rely on this.

This is slower to build, but far more durable. The strategic implication is simple but rarely followed. Do not ask how to be seen more; ask what conclusions users are forming when they see you. Do not optimise for attention in isolation, optimise for the alignment between what is promised and what is experienced. Do not treat trust as a communication problem, treat it as a systems problem that communication must accurately represent. Because in the end, markets do not reward visibility. They reward reliability that has been observed, tested, and believed. And that is legitimacy.

Ememobong Udofot E. is a branding and communications executive specialising in strategy, systems thinking, and trust design within financial technology. She currently leads Branding and Communications at FlashChange, a digital value exchange platform focused on enabling reliable, efficient movement of digital assets.


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