General News
Over 50% of African Countries do not have National Privacy Legislation – Jean-Francois

Jean-Francois’s career in ICT spans 20 years mostly in international roles with a focus on public policies and regulatory affairs.
Before joining GSMA as Policy Director for Sub-Saharan Africa in November 2017, Jean-Francois was Regulatory Affairs Director for Africa at Millicom supporting all its Tigo operations across the continentsince 2015.
He shares his thoughts with UgoOnwuaso on the data protection laws in Africa and a whole lot on issues affecting national privacy legislations
You were in Mauritius recently for the Data protection summit; could you tell us the relevance of this summit viz-a-viz absence of data protection law in some African countries?
I think that a fair majority of the African population are concerned that more than 50% of African countries do not have national privacy legislation in place. We are witnessing several governments from around the continent rallying to put such legislation in place with Nigeria, Kenya, Tanzania and Rwanda either amending or seeking to implement the much needed legislation. We foresee a trend over the next 12 months whereby more African governments will follow suit as data protection laws play a vital role in the safety and security of our continent.
This is important because cross border data flow internationally has a direct impact on GDP growth. Furthermore, Africa’s digital future will depend on countries that are taking action in order to avoid any violations in data protection laws that could hinder trade or innovation.
About cross border data flow, what arethe challenges of cross border data transfer?
Cross border data transfer has some inherent challenges including the lack of uniform standards and legislationspertaining to protection. Consent would also need to be sought by the person sending the data so that it can be utilized as intended andthe same levels of data protection applied in the countries in question.
This is wherelegal provisionsthat ensure uniform level of protection to the consumerwhen data is transferred within and outside of the country come into play. Regional frameworks are useful for this, and ECOWAS for example, has a supplementary act on data protectionfor this type of transaction.
Could you explain the role of data protection in facilitating the African Single Digit Market?
Data protection is vital in facilitating the African Single Digital Market.If the objective is to have services addressing a variety of African markets at the same time, one needs to make sure that digital services are able to share data across borders.Cross border data costs are really critical to establish the African single digital market and that is where the importance of data protection comes into play.
Looking at GDPR, how would you assess African data protection landscape in view of implementations of European Union Data Protection Regulation (GDPR)?
I believethat the focus on protection and privacy legislation today in Africa is thanks to the external push that we’ve seen through the enforcement and enactment of GDPR. It’s important for African countries to take what is good from GDPR and also pass a solution that’s robust enough to work intheir realities.
Today what’s interesting with the enforcement and enactment of GDPR is that a lot of African governments realize they need to close the gap; equip themselves with national legislation if they haven’t done so and strike a balance between the burdens put on SMEs to register with personal dataregistrars. This iscompared tothe industryapproach being enforced by theGDPR sothat if a data breach occurs, companies are able to document the level of protection they had in place.
There are also other regional frameworks that are interesting, such as the Asian circular framework which supports cross border privacy rules to enable uniform level of protection in the regions that have privacy legislation in place. There are different models and it’s important for Africa to identify and utilize what is relevant.
Is Africa ripe for continental data protection regulation?
I will defer the question to you as a Nigerian citizen and consumer, are you ready to have your personal data protected? I’m sure your answer will be yes. I imagine the judiciary has embarked on a project to pass a national legislation on data protection. I think it’s in the interest of consumers, businesses, companies, and individuals. Mobile network operators are also keen to have clear rules to abide by.The worst thing that can happen for businesses is when the rules of the game are not clear, orthere is a legal vacuum.So, I think there is a call for the adoption ofgood, smart national privacy legislation and options to make sure that data can flow and fuel the digital economy.
Today there’s a mobile economy in sub-Saharan Africa made up of 440 million unique mobile subscribers. This is larger than $10 billion in terms of economic value last year and its 7.1% of sub-Sahara Africa’s GDP.
The mobile and digital economies haveanopportunity to play a strong role in our region. Internet subscribers have quadrupled in the region since 2010so mobile is really transforming lives in an increasingly connected world.
Looking more specifically at what it means for the data economy, and international data flows have increased the global GDP by 10% and if we consider their contribution to a new global GDP which is expected to be around 2.8 Trillion, it’s a larger share than the global trade in goods.
Coming back to your question about the African single market, its digital dimension has a high probability to groweven quicker than the physical goods component which has been historically low in Africa.
You talked about data privacy, what should we do in order to create data management framework that will protect citizen’s privacy?
On one hand, we havethe legislation and the regulatory framework but another important factor is the actual data management and how companies go about it.
I will go back to the Asian model I was referring to earlier. The cross border privacy rule is a model or approach where companies can commit to each other, even though there is no national legislation on what level of protection they will give to data protection.The data management framework which you’re referring to, can be set up in the private sector in practical ways.
I think it’s also important for governments and we usually insist that the rules of data protection are the same for private businesses and government alike. This is because we see in some legislative projects different sets of obligations applicable to private and public sectors. Itneeds to be a cross cutting, andoverarching approachwith rules applicable to both because I forecast that data management frameworks will have to talk to each other.
What are some of the adverse effects, if Africa does not create a strong data protection landscape?
Absence of a conducive and smart data privacy law implemented ora protectionframework will hinder trade and innovation. Mobile and digital technology presents a lot of opportunity for growth across the African continent. It is providing a platform for innovation, creating new companies, new services and providing employment opportunities.So in order to be able to join the fourth industrial revolution data protection needs to become a reality.Furthermore, we need to be able to leverage the economic power with reference to data growth.Regulating people’s informationwith a patchwork of geographically born privacy laws will only restrict how African companies can innovate and bring better products and services to consumers in the future.
It’s an important time for all countries to take actions to bridge the differences in their privacy regulations if any, and to acknowledge the fact that a regional approach is important in the process to equip themselves with national legislation. So embracing the existing regional privacy framework is very important and working towards a Pan African approach to data privacy is critical to protecting the rights of individuals and unlocking their economic potential.
Where do you see Africa in the next few years with regards to data privacy policies?
I wish to see all African countries havingtheir data privacylegislationsenforcedand I’m confident that we will see in the very near future, a significant number of African countries passing privacy legislations.
There is a need to update data frameworks, as some of them have remained in use for over 10 years.
Regional economic communities will also have an opportunity to review those frameworks and provide a new template for the remaining countries to adopt national legislation.
There is anongoing discussion around which level of data localization should be implemented and the value of cross border data flows. I think it’s easier for neighboring countries to recognize the value of those cross border data flows, so ECOWAS started it and we hope that in otherAfrican countries where no regional framework has been adopted yet, one will be put into place soon.
The question has also been raised as to the slow pace of signatories joining the African Union core convention on cyber security and professional data protection.Whether International public law instruments are the right solution because of the heavy processfor adoption, what opportunities exist for more modern legislations orfast law approaches to supplement at aPan- African level and what can be done to speed up the process?The right answers to these questions canbe explored by the network of African data protection authorities and these answers couldshape discussions moving forward.
In Nigeria, there is a litany of information silos here and there, they not harmonized. How can all of these data sets be harmonized and protected?
I think you are referring to data collected by multiple agencies. The general challenge in data protection and privacy is that when you interconnect different data sets, the rule that’s applicable to one data set is sometimes not sufficient to guarantee the interconnection of a variety of data sets. Therefore, for data sets to be combined, it’s important to review the situation for the data subject – the owners of the personal data – and it’s important that they are aware,so that there will be a more general approach to the pursuit. This is why those principles need to be enshrined in national legislation.
General News
PalmPay, Premier Cool to Reward 10,000 Nigerians with ₦100m in “10k for 10k Campaign”

Premier Cool, Nigeria’s leading antibacterial cooling bar soap, has announced the launch of its nationwide consumer promotion, “10K for 10K”, in partnership with Palmpay, Nigeria’s leading digital bank.

This promo is designed to reward 10,000 Nigerians with ₦10,000, amounting to a total of ₦100 million in cash rewards paid instantly via PalmPay wallets. Running from January 12 to April 11, 2026, 111 winners will emerge daily throughout the three months.
Speaking on the campaign, the MD PZ Cussons Africa, Mr Oghale Elueni, said ‘At a time when financial pressure is real for many households, this promo is our way of easing the load and refreshing Nigerians, emotionally and financially, with a brand they already know and trust.
Participation is straightforward, and reward is instant on your PalmPay wallet
Consumers can take part in three easy steps:
- Buy a promo-coded pack of Premier Cool 110g (Ultimate or Black) and unwrap to reveal a unique code inside.
- Scan the QR code on the pack, which leads directly to the campaign microsite and the PalmPay app.
- Enter the unique code on PalmPay for an instant draw and a chance to win ₦10,000 instantly.
New PalmPay users participating in the campaign will also enjoy a welcome bonus of up to ₦5,550, further reinforcing PalmPay’s commitment to delivering practical value and smarter everyday banking.
Also speaking at the launch, Managing Director of PalmPay Nigeria, Chika Nwosu, noted that this campaign reflects PalmPay’s commitment to delivering real, everyday value to Nigerians. By partnering with a brand that families have trusted for decades, we are reinforcing our promise of smarter banking that supports daily living, saving, and financial growth.”
Rewarding Loyalty, the Premier Cool Way
Premier Cool understands the value of loyalty and believes freshness should come with real rewards. With the 10K for 10K Promo in partnership with PalmPay, Premier Cool reinforces its commitment to consumers through meaningful engagement, proving that staying fresh pays.
With decades of heritage under PZ Cussons, Premier Cool remains a symbol of reliability, family well-being, and consistent quality in Nigerian homes.
PalmPay is driving financial inclusion and economic empowerment in underserved emerging markets. Through its secure, user-friendly, and inclusive suite of financial services, PalmPay empowers individuals and businesses with tools to manage and grow their money.
PalmPay offers a comprehensive range of products, including mobile payments, savings, and micro-insurance via its app and mobile money agent network.
General News
Firm Launches AI-powered Platform to Simplify New Tax Laws

As Nigeria enters a new phase of tax administration, a locally developed technology platform, Kaanta AI, has been launched to help Nigerians have a better understanding of their tax obligations.

Kaanta AI is a WhatsApp-based, AI-powered tax assistant designed to provide simplified tax guidance to traders, small and medium-sized businesses, professionals, and individuals.
The platform arrives at a time when tax reforms and compliance requirements are becoming more prominent in public discourse.
Rather than relying on complex online portals or technical language, Founder and Chief Technology Officer, Oluwaferanmi Oladepo, at the launch of the innovation, explained that Kaanta AI operates entirely on WhatsApp, allowing users to ask tax-related questions, receive explanations, calculate taxes, and understand available reliefs using text, voice, or handwritten notes.
The service also supports local languages, including Yoruba, Igbo, Hausa, and Pidgin, expanding access beyond English-speaking users.
With the new tax law taking effect on January 1, 2026, analysts expect increased public confusion and misinformation. However, Oladepo assured Nigerians that Kaanta AI positions itself as a verification and guidance tool, offering instant responses to tax-related questions and concerns.
He described the platform as a response to a long-standing gap in tax education, sayin,: “Tax should not feel scary or confusing. Kaanta AI is built to help Nigerians understand what applies to them and make informed decisions, using clear and accessible language.”
According to the tech guru, in addition to basic explanations, the platform provides tax calculations and insights on tax reliefs, noting that the company also plans to introduce professional tax services, including filing support for small businesses and larger organisations. Kaanta AI operates a freemium model, with basic guidance available at no cost and advanced services offered through paid plans.
According to Tobiloba Olanipekun, Product and Growth Lead, the platform was designed around how Nigerians already communicate.
Olanipekun said: “WhatsApp is where people naturally ask questions and seek help. We wanted Kaanta AI to feel like a conversation, not a lecture. Anyone from a market trader to a young professional can ask questions freely and get clear answers.”
He added that the long-term goal is to improve tax education and compliance culture across the country, adding that: “With tax becoming part of everyday conversation in Nigeria, we aim to guide people with clarity rather than confusion.”
Kaanta AI is now available to users nationwide. As tax reforms take centre stage in 2026, the platform is expected to play a role in helping Nigerians navigate the changing tax landscape.
General News
Why Nigeria’s New Tax Regime Will Fail Without Public Trust

By Blaise Udunze
Millions of Nigerian citizens are watching with cautious anticipation as the federal government begins implementing its far-reaching 2026 tax reforms. This is to say that the official assurances that the new tax regime will be fairer, simpler, and more humane, as relished by the proponents of the reforms, are being listened to by both low-income workers, small business owners, professionals, and informal sector participants.

Tax
Still, behind the optimism is a familiar worry shaped by past experience that reminds us that taxation without accountability undermines both governance credibility and the legitimacy of the tax system, thereby making it hard to believe in.
For many Nigerians, the question is not whether taxes should be paid, but whether the state has earned the moral authority to demand them, judging by the lack of accountability over the years.
The Nigerian Tax Act and the Nigerian Tax Administration Act, two of the four pillars of the 2026 reforms, came into force on January 1, reshaping how individuals and businesses are taxed. According to proponents of the reforms, particularly the Chairman of the Presidential Committee on Fiscal Policy and Tax Reforms, Dr. Taiwo Oyedele, the changes are deliberately pro-poor and pro-growth. Workers earning below N800,000 annually are exempted from personal income tax. Basic food items, healthcare, education, and public transportation have been removed from the VAT net. Small companies with turnovers of N100 million or less are exempt from corporate income tax, capital gains tax, and the new development levy. Multiple tax laws have been consolidated into a unified code to reduce duplication, confusion, and harassment.
On paper, these reforms acknowledge Nigeria’s economic distress and signal a genuine attempt to lighten the burden on the majority of citizens. However, Nigeria’s tax crisis has never been about tax rates alone.
Nigerians have lived through decades of taxation that did not translate into visible development, social welfare, or improved quality of life, as this has succinctly shown that it is fundamentally about trust. No matter how progressive, for this singular reason, Nigerians see the announcement of the reforms via a long memory of disappointment and failure, while Nigerians have increasingly become vocal in demanding accountability from government at all levels, and social media has played a powerful role in amplifying public scrutiny in recent years.
Images and videos of the alleged lavish lifestyles of public office holders and their families are alarming and circulate widely, reinforcing the perception that public funds are misused or siphoned for private gain. While not all such claims are verified, the damage lies in the perception itself since governance credibility suffers when citizens believe that those entrusted with public resources live far above the realities of the people they govern.
The Nigerian Constitution, while not explicitly mandating accountability in narrow terms, establishes in Section 14 that the security and welfare of the people shall be the primary purpose of government. The state is expected to manage the economy in a manner that ensures maximum welfare, freedom, and happiness of citizens on the basis of social justice and equality. The provisions made in Section 22 further empower the media and arm it to the teeth to hold the government accountable to the people and beyond constitutional provisions, Nigeria voluntarily signed up to global transparency initiatives such as the Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative, domesticated through the NEITI Act of 2007. Over the period, NEITI has helped improve disclosure in the extractive sector, as its mandate does not extend to tracking how revenues are spent, leaving a critical accountability gap.
This gap is most evident in the lived experience of Nigerian taxpayers. Intrinsically, the average Nigerian does not experience taxation as a collective investment in shared prosperity. Instead, taxation feels like an added burden layered on top of already crushing personal responsibilities. Nigerians generate their own electricity through generators, source water privately, pay for security, indirectly fund road maintenance through vehicle repairs, and bear healthcare and education costs out of pocket. When citizens pay taxes and still bear the full cost of survival, taxation begins to resemble organized extraction rather than civic contribution.
For instance, the stories of Mr. George and Mr. Kunle reflect this reality. Mr. George, is an earned salary worker who has personal income tax deducted monthly through PAYE. Meanwhile, George also pays for electricity, security, water, road repairs, and private schooling. What about Mr. Kunle, who is a small business owner and chooses not to pay taxes voluntarily with the belief that the government has failed to meet its obligations and other rights? Their frustration is widely shared. According to the IMF, only about 10 million Nigerians out of a labour force of 77 million are registered taxpayers. This low compliance is not a product of ignorance alone, but of a deeply broken social contract.
Over the years, successive governments have attempted to address low compliance through amnesty schemes such as the Voluntary Asset and Income Declaration Scheme. Though these initiatives temporarily expanded the tax base, their long-term impact remains questionable because compliance driven by fear of penalties or temporary incentives does not endure where trust is absent. In Nigeria, tax compliance is often compelled rather than voluntary, just as we are about to experience in this new regime, enforcement tends to replace persuasion. This approach may generate short-term revenue, but it weakens legitimacy and fuels resistance.
Academic studies on taxation and accountability in Nigeria reinforce this conclusion. While global literature suggests a strong relationship between government accountability and voluntary tax compliance, Nigeria’s experience has been distorted by weak institutions and limited political legitimacy. This should be noted by the policymakers that where citizens perceive government as unaccountable, coercion increases, collection costs rise, and evasion becomes normalized. Hence while, the result is a vicious cycle in which low trust breeds low compliance, prompting harsher enforcement that further erodes trust.
Other jurisdictions offer valuable lessons. For instance, today, a country like Sweden has one of the highest tax-to-GDP ratios in the world with remarkably high compliance rates, and this has been the norm despite imposing steep personal income taxes. The reason is simple, in the sense that transparency and visible benefits are not far-fetched. Citizens know how their taxes are spent and experience the returns through quality education, healthcare, social security, and public services. Taxation is viewed not as punishment but as a shared investment. In China, targeted tax deductions for healthcare and education similarly align taxation with social needs, reinforcing compliance through perceived fairness.
Nigeria’s challenge is not to replicate these systems mechanically, but to internalize their core principle that enables the people to comply willingly when they believe the system works and that everyone is treated fairly.
This principle is being tested anew by the recent controversy surrounding the Federal Inland Revenue Service’s (now branded as Nigeria Revenue Service) appointment of Xpress Payments Solutions Limited as a Treasury Single Account collecting agent. Though framed as a technical step toward modernizing digital tax infrastructure, the quiet nature of the appointment, coupled with limited public disclosure, has reignited fears of revenue capture and cartelization. Critics have drawn parallels with past private-sector dominance over state revenue systems, warning against concentrating sensitive national revenue functions in private hands without clear safeguards.
Former Vice President Atiku Abubakar’s reaction captured the broader public unease. He raised an alarm while warning against what he described as the nationalization of a revenue collection model that had previously raised serious transparency concerns and the Nigeria Revenue Service (NRS) has insisted that Xpress Payments is merely an additional option and not an exclusive gatekeeper, the controversy highlights a deeper issue, which authenticates the fact that in a climate of low trust, silence, and lack of clarity, suspicion. Even well-intentioned reforms can falter if citizens feel excluded from the process.
With broader concerns about governance, accountability, and democratic integrity in society, this moment coincides with it. Even the recent calls by leaders such as Rotimi Amaechi and civil society organizations like ActionAid Nigeria underscore the growing demand for responsible, transparent and people-oriented leadership as being raised from different quarters. Governance indices consistently rank Nigeria poorly on accountability, while poverty, unemployment and insecurity remain widespread. That is what, in such a context, asking citizens to trust the tax system without first restoring confidence in governance is unrealistic and unattainable.
At the core of the debate lies a fundamental moral question: when does a government have the right to tax its citizens? Taxation is not charity and it is not magic. It is a contract. Citizens surrender a portion of their income so the state can provide security, infrastructure, justice, and essential services that individuals cannot efficiently provide on their own. When this exchange functions, taxation feels legitimate. When it fails, taxation feels coercive.
No doubt, legally, the Nigerian state retains the power to tax, but morally, legitimacy depends on performance. Security is foundational. Infrastructure enables productivity. The government must understand that healthcare and education protect human capital, while transparency ensures fairness. And, when these pillars are weak, taxation loses its ethical grounding. All that Nigerians demand is not perfection; they demand evidence that their sacrifices matter.
As the implementation of the new tax reforms takes root, Nigeria stands at a defining moment. The reforms offer an opportunity to reset the social contract around taxation, broaden the tax base, and reduce dependence on dwindling oil revenues. But the point being flagged is that reform without accountability will only reproduce old failures in new forms. To buttress this further, taxation without accountability, as being practiced in the past, will invariably undermine governance credibility and erode the legitimacy of the tax system.
And, as the scripture says, you cannot put “old wine in a new wineskin.” Failure to adhere to this instruction will lead to combustion. Yesterday’s methods or mindsets on taxation will rupture new strategies, which cannot thrive or survive because of a lack of accountability.
If the government is serious about improving voluntary compliance, it must go beyond policy announcements. Hence, must demonstrate transparent use of tax revenues, strengthen oversight institutions, limit monopolistic control over revenue collection, and communicate clearly and consistently with citizens. Most importantly, it must deliver tangible improvements in the daily lives of all Nigerians.
When citizens see roads fixed, hospitals working, schools improving, and security strengthened, compliance will follow. Voluntary tax compliance is not an act of generosity; it is a rational response to trust. Fix the system, restore confidence, and Nigerians will pay, not because they are forced, but because the contract finally makes sense.
Blaise, a journalist and PR professional, writes from Lagos and can be reached via: [email protected]
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