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CBN Sanction: A Dis-Incentive To Capital Investment

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By Cheku Alkali

A fundamental objective of financial regulation is the safety and soundness of financial institutions, and the ability of regulators to mitigate systemic risk through effective policy/reforms.

This assertion represents the statutory mandate of the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) under the Central Bank of Nigeria Act, 2007; the Banks and Other Financial Institutions Act (BOFIA); and the Foreign Exchange (Monitoring and Miscellaneous Provisions) Act 1995 and other subsidiary legislations.

Admittedly, financial systems cannot function effectively without confidence in the markets. However, due to the volatile nature of the financial market, regulatory actions or inactions may cause disruption to the financial system; thereby reducing confidence in the ability of markets to function effectively.

This in turn could impair the availability of credit and overall economic activities in the country. It is against this background and the overarching responsibility of the CBN to ensure soundness of the financial system (whilst encouraging foreign capital investment) that this writer examines the impact of CBN’s sanction on MTN Nigeria Communications Limited (MTN).

The Central Bank of Nigeria on Wednesday, August 29, 2018, directed MTN to refund the sum of $8.13 billion for alleged illegal conversion of shareholders’ loans to preference shares; and the repatriation of same out of Nigeria.

Other affected parties are four Banks namely – Citibank, Diamond Bank, Stanbic IBTC and Standard Chartered Bank (the Banks)- all directed to refund the sum of NGN2.5 billion for allegations of illegal remittances of foreign exchange with irregular certificates of capital importation (CCIs) issued on behalf of some offshore investors of MTN between 2007 – 2015.

CBN’s investigation was primarily on three key “infractions” to wit; issuance of Certificates of Capital Importation (CCI’s) for the following items; foreign currency sourced locally; falsely declared capital importation; and interest-free loans converted to preference shares without authorization.

In response, MTN described the allegation as regrettable, and reiterated its intention to vigorously defend its position before a court of competent jurisdiction.

At the time of going to print, we understand MTN has instituted an action in this regard at the Federal High Court of Nigeria.

CCI is a certificate issued by an authorized dealer (usually a licensed commercial bank) confirming an inflow of foreign capital either in form of cash (loan or equity) or goods.

CCI is usually issued in the name of the investor with 24-48 hours of the inflow of the capital into Nigeria.

Its primary purpose is to guarantee access to the foreign exchange market for the repatriation of capital/returns on investment – dividend, interest and capital on divestments, as well as repayment of principal and interest accruing on a foreign loan.

Assuming to be correct, the allegation against MTN and the Banks, the question which arises is whether the CBN has effectively discharged its responsibility of financial supervision given the length of time (8 years) it took to realise, investigate and sanction the affected parties.

As stated, foreign investors are permitted to import capital or invest in any enterprise in foreign currency, through authorized dealers – who are permitted to issue CCIs within 24 (sometimes 48) hours of receiving the capital inflow.

It may then be argued, that the inability of the CBN to effectively and promptly monitor the inflow and outflow of foreign capital, is effectively a failure to discharge its statutory obligation.

Put differently, the CBN should have sanctioned the affected entities long ago to avoid the disruption now caused because of the delay in this regard. An unintended effect of this regulatory lapse may be the resultant lack of confidence and transparency in the financial market, that tends to stifle foreign investment activities.

The CBN Manual 2006 (the operating manual at the time the actions of the above-named entities were carried out) provides that foreign investors are guaranteed unconditional transfer of their capital, profits and dividends attributable to their investments in any convertible currency through authorized dealers.

This means that a company/investor intending to repatriate its capital will be required to provide a CCI as evidence that the original investment was imported into Nigeria.

Following the CBN sanction, MTN has witnessed a drop in its share price by 23%. Even in the event the allegations are false and MTN succeeds in its claim against the CBN, the reputational damage to the nation may be irreversible.

For the savvy investor desirous of repatriating capital returns, economic headwinds would seem to warn against bringing in capital investment. Investors would find it easy to conclude that bringing in funds would be unwise because of a perceived inability to access and repatriate same when required.

Thus, by failing to proactively supervise the instant issue, the CBN; despite acting within its statutory powers, may occasion a ripple effect on investor’s confidence in Nigeria’s financial system.

Looking forward, instead of taking similar (delayed) reactionary measures, this writer suggests that the CBN should look to strengthen its monitoring, and processing of CCIs of foreign investment flows in and out of the country.

To achieve this, it can adopt a twin approach to its supervisory role to ensure transparency, market integrity, and consumer protection. This approach of coupling the power of sanction with proactive regulation, will also ensure that the CBN acts as a catalyst for foreign direct/portfolio investment as opposed to becoming an inadvertent market disruptor. It will better reinforce the CBN’s commitment towards ensuring a transparent and stable financial system.

A regulator such as the CBN must always weigh the outcome of its actions or inactions on the market before taking any step. Although it is difficult to have near perfect supervision, it is possible to implement stronger financial supervision measures to reduce the chances of putting foreign capital investment to flight.

Financial regulation in this regard can serve as not just a means of maintaining stability, but as an instrument for growth and development of the financial system.

 Cheku Alkali is an Associate of Perchstone and Graeys


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PalmPay Commits to Gender Balance in Fintech Space @ Purple Woman 3.0

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L-r: Olorunfemi Hanson Head of Marketing, PalmPay Nigeria; Kemi Okusanya, CEO, Hydrogen; Chika Nwosu, MD PalmPay Limited; Harriet Kariuki, Head of SME PalmPay; and Nneka Okekearu, Director, Enterprise Development Centre (Pan-Atlantic University) at the PalmPay Purple Woman 3.0 Masterclass
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PalmPay Nigeria has expressed commitment to increasing women’s participation in the financial technology sector through its Purple Woman initiative designed to equip young women with digital and professional skills.

Speaking at the event, Chika Nwosu, managing director of PalmPay Nigeria, said the initiative was launched to address the low representation of women in fintech and the broader technology ecosystem.

“This initiative is because we noticed that there are not so many women in fintech and in the tech industry, and we intend to bridge that gap. We want to see a whole lot of women in leadership positions in fintech,” Nwosu said.

The programme, organised in collaboration with the Global Women’s International Campaign Nigeria to commemorate International Women’s Day, forms part of PalmPay’s broader effort to create an inclusive digital economy and empower women with technology-driven skills.

According to Nwosu, empowering women produces long-term social and economic impact. “A money in the hand of a man feeds a family, but money in the hand of a woman feeds generations,” he said, noting that women’s financial empowerment often translates to better education and opportunities for children and stronger households.

Although the programme is hosted in Lagos, he explained that participation is open to women across Nigeria through an online registration platform. “Our head office is in Lagos, but we invite women from all over Nigeria. They register through a link for Purple Woman. It is not only for people in Lagos; it is for all Nigerians,” he said.

At the end of the masterclass, 10 participants were selected for a six month internship programme at PalmPay where they will receive practical experience across different departments.

Explaining the selection process, Anthony Iwuala, head of human resources at PalmPay, said the company used a merit-based system to identify the most qualified candidates. “For us at PalmPay, we believe in equity and equality and following the right process. As a company, we believe in people who have skills and talent, so we ensure that we select people who are qualified,” Iwuala said.

According to him, participants were assessed through the classes and written tests conducted during the programme. “Participants went through the classes and wrote tests for every class. A lot of people passed, but we still had to rank them and select only the top ten,” he said.

Iwuala added that the selected interns will be deployed across departments such as marketing, human resources, administration, product development, sales and business intelligence where they will receive mentorship and hands-on training. “We assign mentors to them, and these mentors will provide on the job training for six months,” he said.

He stressed that the programme is designed not only to train participants but also to create employment opportunities. “We are not just taking them to train them; we train them to employ them,” he said.

He noted that previous editions have already produced tangible results. The Purple Women 2.0 programme saw the ten women we trained offered full employment at PalmPay, and they are still working with us currently, Iwuala said. “These ones will not be different.”

In her presentation, Nneka Okekearu, director of the enterprise development centre at Pan-Atlantic University, delivered a masterclass focused on self-worth, confidence and self awareness for women.

Okekearu explained that many women grow up with unconscious biases that affect their confidence and career choices. “A lot of women have grown up being told they cannot do certain things. Unlike their male counterparts, they are sometimes discouraged from pursuing opportunities,” she said.

According to her, the session focused on helping women recognise their abilities and build confidence. “A lot of women have so much to give, but they are shackled by unconscious bias. The session focused on self-awareness, building confidence and realising that we know it and should own it,” she added.

She acknowledged that progress has been made in female leadership in Nigeria’s corporate sector. “Today we have more than 30 percent of commercial banks with female CEOs. We now have women serving as bank chairpersons and more women on corporate boards,” she posited.

However, she highlighted what she described as the missing middle, where many women leave the workforce at critical career stages. “When women enter the workforce, by the time they get married and have children, many leave. We need systems that allow them to return without losing their career progress,” Okekearu said.


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Turkish Airlines Grounded at Lagos Airport Over Union Protest

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Operations of Turkish Airlines at Murtala Muhammed International Airport, Lagos, ground to a halt on Tuesday following a protest by aviation workers over the alleged unlawful dismissal of seven union members.

Turkish Airlines Grounded at Lagos Airport Over Union Protest

Turkish Airlines

Members of the National Union of Air Transport Employees (NUATE) picketed the airline’s counters at the international terminal, forcing hundreds of passengers to return home after check-in.

Protesters stormed the terminal with placards and solidarity songs, accusing Turkish Airlines management in Nigeria of violating labour laws, victimising union members, and ignoring a National Industrial Court ruling ordering payment and reinstatement of the sacked executives.

NUATE General Secretary Sikiru Waheed, in a March 9 circular, decried the airline’s “flagrant disobedience” of Nigeria’s Constitution and Labour Act despite efforts to resolve intimidation and harassment cases.

The affected workers, dismissed in 2020 for union activities, have not received terminal benefits years later, according to union claims captured in chaotic videos from the scene.

NUATE said the protest became inevitable to compel compliance with the court order and respect for workers’ rights to unionise.

The action stranded passengers mid-process, highlighting ongoing labour tensions that previously led the Nigeria Labour Congress to shut down the airline in 2024 over the same dispute.

Union leaders vowed continued protests until Turkish Airlines reinstates the workers and honours Nigerian labour laws.


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Africa Startups Raised $272m in Funding in February

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Forty startups across the continent raised more than $272 million in funding last month through deals worth at least $100,000. The figure marks a clear rise from $174 million in January and is slightly above the $254 million monthly average recorded over the past year.

Despite the rebound, most of the money went to only a few companies. Six startups accounted for about 80 percent of the total funding raised in February, highlighting how capital in Africa’s tech sector remains concentrated in larger ventures.

Among the biggest deals was Spiro, a Benin-based electric mobility company, which secured $57 million in debt financing across two transactions. Egyptian online grocery platform Breadfast raised $50 million in a pre-Series C round, while ride-hailing platform GoCab in Côte d’Ivoire announced $45 million in combined debt and equity funding.

Other significant deals included Terra Industries in Nigeria, which added $22 million to a previously announced funding round, education group Enko Education in South Africa with $22 million in debt, and South African fintech lender Lula, which secured $21 million from Dutch development finance institution FMO.

Equity investments accounted for 54 percent of the capital raised in February, while debt financing made up about 45 percent, showing that startups are increasingly turning to alternative funding structures as venture capital remains cautious.

From a regional perspective, West Africa attracted the largest share of funding, bringing in 53 percent of the total, followed by North Africa with 24 percent and Southern Africa with 21 percent.

Egypt led the continent with $64 million in funding, followed by Benin with $57 million, Côte d’Ivoire with $45 million, and South Africa with $44 million.

One notable shift was the sharp drop in East Africa’s share of funding, which fell to just three percent in February. The region had previously dominated Africa’s startup ecosystem, accounting for 34 percent of total funding in 2025.

With February’s rebound, African startups have now raised more than $446 million in the first two months of 2026, slightly ahead of the $417 million recorded during the same period in 2025.

The figures suggest that while investor activity has stabilised after a slow January, the continent’s startup funding environment remains uneven and heavily dependent on a small number of large transactions.


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