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Preliminary Report on Associated Airline Crash Points To IT Failure

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Stella Oduah, minister of Aviations
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The Accident Investigation, Prevention Bureau (AIPB) has released a preliminary associated airline crash involving embraer 120 aircraft registered 5n-BJY which occurred at MMA on Thursday 3rd October, 2013while conveying home the remains of Olusegun Agagu, former Governor Ondo State for burial.

A statement endorsed by Capt. Muktar Usman, commissioner, Accident Investigation, Prevention Bureau (AIPB), reads as follows: “The following information has been determined from preliminary readout and analysis of flight 361’s flight recorders.   Flight 361 was equipped with both a COCKPIT VOICE RECORDER and a FLIGHT DATA RECORDER.  Both recorders were replayed at the Accident Investigation Bureau’s recently acquired flight recorder laboratory located in Abuja.   International flight recorder experts from Canada who designed the laboratory assisted the investigation team with the readout and analysis process along with representatives from the aircraft manufacturer and aircraft operator, Associated Airlines.  We are conducting the investigation in accordance with the provisions of International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) Annex 13, of which Nigeria is a member State.

“The flight data recorder or FDR contained approximately 47 hours of data in solid state memory.  The recorder downloaded without issue.  There were approximately 50 parameters recorded.  A few parameters were not working properly however we do not think, in this particular case, that it will hamper the overall investigation.

“The cockpit voice recorder or CVR was an older generation magnetic tape based device.  The CVR’s magnetic tape recording was removed from the unit and replayed on an open reel 4 track tape deck specially adapted for replaying CVR’s of this type.  The CVR contained 32 and one half minutes of audio which included the internal conversation of the two pilots, radio calls and the overall aural environment in the cockpit on the cockpit area microphone.  The CVR was of good quality and the team is in the process of generating a complete transcript of all relevant information.  The AIB plans to release the transcript as part of its final report of the accident however the actual recording is, under international protocol, sensitive and therefore privileged information and will not be released at any time.

The following represents information that has been determined from our preliminary assessment of both flight recorders:

“The crew discussed some concerns about the aircraft prior to departure but at this time we are not prepared to elaborate on those concerns as there remains a lot of work to complete on the CVR analysis in order to determine the specific nature of the crew’s concerns.

Associated 361 was cleared for take-off on runway one eight left at Lagos international airport.  The wind was calm and weather is not considered a factor in this accident.  Approximately 4 seconds after engine power was advanced to commence the take-off roll, the crew received an automated warning from the onboard computer voice which consisted of three chimes followed by “Take-off Flaps…Take-off Flaps”.   This is a configuration warning that suggests that the flaps were not in the correct position for take-off and there is some evidence that the crew may have chosen not to use flaps for the take-off.  The warning did not appear to come as any surprise to the crew and they continued normally with the take-off.  This warning continues throughout the take-off roll.   As we are in the process of verifying the accuracy of the flight data, we have not yet been able to confirm the actual flap setting however we expect to determine this in the fullness of time.

“It was determined from the CVR that the pilot flying was the Captain and the pilot monitoring and assisting was the First Officer.

“The ‘set power‘call was made by the Captain and the ‘power is set’ call was confirmed by the First Officer as expected in normal operations.  Approximately 3 seconds after the ‘power is set’ call, the First Officer noted that the aircraft was moving slowly.  Approximately 7 seconds after the ‘power is set’ call, the internal Aircraft Voice warning system could be heard stating ‘Take off Flaps, Auto Feather’.   Auto feather refers to the pitch of the propeller blades.  In the feather position, the propeller does not produce any thrust.  The FDR contains several engine related parameters which the AIB is studying.  At this time, we can state that the Right engine appears to be producing considerably less thrust than the Left engine.  The left engine appeared to be working normally.  The aircraft automated voice continued to repeat ‘Take-off Flaps, Auto Feather’.

The physical examination of the wreckage revealed that the right engine propeller was in the feather position and the engine fire handle was pulled/activated.

“The standard ‘eighty knots’ call was made by the First Officer.  The first evidence that the crew indicated that there was a problem with the take-off roll was immediately following the ‘eighty knots’ call.   The First Officer asked if the take-off should be aborted approximately 12 seconds after the ‘eighty knots’ callout. Our investigation team estimates the airspeed to be approximately 95 knots. Airspeed was one of the parameters that, while working in the cockpit, appeared not to be working on the Flight Data Recorder.  We were able to estimate the speed based on the radar data that we synchronized to the FDR and CVR but it is very approximate because of this.  In response to the First Officer’s question to abort, the Captain indicated that they should continue and they continued the take-off roll. 

“The crew did not make a ‘V1’ call or a Vr’ call.  V1 is the speed at which a decision to abort or continue a take-off is made. Vr is the speed at which it is planned to rotate the aircraft.  Normally the non-flying pilot calls both the V1 and the Vr speeds.  When Vr is called the flying pilot pulls back on the control column and the aircraft is rotated (pitched up) to climb away from the runway.  During the rotation, the First Officer stated ‘gently’, which we believe reflects concern that the aircraft is not performing normally and therefore needs to be rotated very gently so as not to aerodynamically stall the aircraft.

“The First Officer indicated that the aircraft was not climbing and advised the Captain who was flying not to stall the aircraft.  Higher climb angles can cause an aerodynamic stall.  If the aircraft is not producing enough overall thrust, it is difficult or impossible to climb without the risk of an aerodynamic stall.

“Immediately after lift-off, the aircraft slowly veered off the runway heading to the right and was not climbing properly.  This aircraft behavior appears to have resulted in the Air Traffic Controller asking Flight 361 if operation was normal. Flight 361 never responded.

“Less than 10 seconds after rotation of the aircraft to climb away from the runway, the stall warning sounded in the cockpit and continued to the end of the recording.  The flight data shows characteristics consistent with an aerodynamic stall.

“31 seconds after the stall warning was heard, the aircraft impacted the ground in a nose down near 90 degree right bank.

The investigation is focussing on the following:

1)    Mechanical and electronic engine control issues related to the Right engine and Right engine propeller systems.

2)    Aural warnings related to auto-feather and the flap settings required for takeoff.

3)    Take-off configuration issues with respect to flap settings.

4)    Crew decision making and training with respect to proceeding with the flight despite concerns regarding the aircraft’s suitability for flight.

5)    When and how the number 2 engine fire handle was pulled.

6)    Standard operating procedures with respect to continuing the take-off roll despite continuous automated voice warnings of both ‘take-off flaps’ and ‘auto feather’ when there was ample time to abort the take-off.

7)    The airline management’s safety culture fostered throughout the airline.

“We are in the process of developing a comprehensive computer reconstruction of the flight which will help our team understand the sequence of events and will ultimately help us communicate our findings to the aviation community and the general public.

“At this time we have no urgent safety recommendations.  We will not wait for the final report to issue safety recommendations should any issue arise that we feel needs immediate attention.


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IHS Nigeria, Osun State partner to transform technical education

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IHS Nigeria has partnered with the Osun State Government on Osun Teacher-Shift 2025, a programme aimed at transforming technical and vocational school teachers into digital-ready educators capable of driving innovation in classrooms.

The IHS Nigeria sponsored initiative, implemented by Focus Teens Foundation in collaboration with the Osun State Board of Technical and Vocational Education, targets about 200 teachers across the State’s nine technical colleges. The training will run in batches over a two-day period, with participants expected to acquire modern skills, and innovative teaching techniques.

Speaking at the opening ceremony which held in Osogbo yesterday, Titilope Oguntuga, Director of Sustainability at IHS Nigeria, explained that the project was developed to prepare teachers for the opportunities and challenges of a fast-evolving world.

She said, “Today is not just the launch of a programme — it is the beginning of a movement. This is more than training, it is a mindset shift. It is about rethinking how we prepare teachers, students, and our communities for the opportunities and challenges of a fast-evolving world.”

Oguntuga emphasised that teachers remain at the centre of national development but face increasing demands to inspire creativity, nurture innovation, and equip young people with practical and technology-driven skills.

She noted that the initiative also reflects IHS Nigeria’s four sustainability pillars — ethics and governance, environment and climate change, people and communities, and education and economic growth.

The IHS official said, “education remains the strongest catalyst for national development. But we cannot achieve this without empowering the people who will empower the next generation. With this programme, teachers and beneficiaries from the nine technical colleges will begin to think more innovatively and incorporate new systems that support STEM for the advancement of our nation.”

Oguntuga added that each school would be given routers with one year subscription.

Adedapo Ademola-Adesina, Special Adviser to the Governor on Technical and Vocational Education, noted that the State Government believes in private sector collaboration to achieve its goals for technical and vocational education, leading to the partnership with IHS Nigeria.

“We must begin by changing the mindset of our teachers. They are the ones who shape future leaders. That is why we tagged the program “Osun Teacher-Shift 2025” — shifting from the old ways to new digital teaching”, he said.

Also speaking, Sunday Eluwole, the Osun State Commissioner for Education, acknowledged that the training was both timely and necessary, saying; “this is the 21st century, and Nigeria cannot be left behind. Our schools, teachers, and classrooms must be digitalised. Teachers must first be trained in digital methods before they can pass the knowledge on to students.”

Eluwole added that Osun State, which has the highest number of technical colleges in the Country, is committed to making its schools models of digital and vocational learning.

Earlier, Muritala Jimoh, Permanent Secretary, Ministry of Education, said that Osun State teachers are ready to shift. Jimoh noted that Governor Ademola Adeleke is prioritising teachers’ welfare in the state, hence their readiness to embrace the shift.

He called on teachers to reciprocate government’s efforts by making their minds flexible to change.


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Passengers Must Switch Off Phones during Flights — NCAA

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Nigeria Civil Aviation Authority (NCAA) has directed all airlines operating in the country to ensure that passengers completely switch off their mobile phones during aircraft take-off and landing.

Passengers Must Switch Off Phones during Flights — NCAA

Michael Achimugu, director of Public Affairs and Consumer Protection, NCCA, disclosed the directive in a post on X on Tuesday.

He said the measure was part of a harmonisation of existing rules on the use of electronic devices onboard.

“Henceforth, the regulation per phones and other electronic devices in Nigeria has been unified: ALL PHONES MUST BE SWITCHED OFF DURING THE CRITICAL ASPECTS OF TAKE-OFF AND LANDING,” Achimugu wrote.

“All airlines must amend their security programmes to reflect this if different in their current programmes. No more airplane mode until regulations are reviewed to reflect evolving technological situations.”

The directive means that all airlines will have to adjust their operational manuals and cabin crew instructions to enforce the policy.

Reactions to the announcement have been mixed on social media, with some Nigerians questioning the relevance of the rule in light of advances in aircraft technology and onboard connectivity.

 

 

 


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TETFUND Tasks Tertiary Institutions on Use of ICT for Teaching

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Sonny Echono, executive secretary, Tertiary Education Trust Fund (TETFund), has called on Nigerian tertiary institutions to urgently embrace technology in teaching, research, and administration, warning that billions of naira already invested in ICT infrastructure risk being wasted due to underutilization.

TETFUND Tasks Tertiary Institutions on Use of ICT for Teaching

Echono made the call in Abuja, Nigeria while delivering remarks at a 2-Day Workshop on Blackboard/TERAS Adoption and Usage in Beneficiary Institutions, organized by TETFund for Registrars, Bursars, Directors of Academic Planning and ICT and Thesis Project Repository Managers of beneficiary institutions.

He lamented that despite TETFund’s early investment in digital learning platforms such as the Tertiary Education, Research, Applications and Services, TERAS, many universities, polytechnics, and colleges of education were still lagging behind in ICT adoption.

According to him, Nigeria’s rapidly growing population and limited availability of classrooms make technology the only viable pathway to expanding access to quality education.

“We are no longer confined to the four walls of classrooms. With just an android phone or a device, students should be able to access content, participate in learning, and acquire skills. There is no alternative to technology if we must prepare our youths for the opportunities ahead,” Echono said.

He decried the slow pace of transition to digital platforms in many institutions, some of which still send hardcopy requests to TETFund despite clear directives for e-submissions.

The TETFund boss stressed that robust and regularly updated institutional websites should be a minimum requirement in the digital age, describing many schools’ online presence as “embarrassingly outdated.”

Echono also cited the successes recorded during the COVID-19 lockdown when TETFund partnered states, the Nigeria Television Authority, NTA, and radio stations to broadcast WAEC syllabus-based lessons.

According to him, that year produced one of Nigeria’s best WAEC results, indicating the potential of technology to revolutionise learning.

He expressed concern that Nigeria now ranks 189th globally and 25th in Africa in education competitiveness, behind smaller countries like Rwanda and Mauritius that have leveraged ICT to transform their systems.

“Government has done its part by providing the infrastructure. But when equipment is procured and platforms created and they are not being used, that is the very definition of waste,” he warned.

The TETFund boss urged heads of institutions to champion the use of digital platforms like TERAS by lecturers and students, stressing that over time, more than half of TETFund’s education investments would have to go into ICT rather than physical infrastructure.

Echono also linked Nigeria’s underdevelopment to its failure to leverage technology in sectors such as oil, agriculture, and manufacturing, contrasting the country’s struggles with China’s rapid transformation through deliberate investment in knowledge and innovation.

“We can do the same if we decide to do the right thing. The right thing starts with our education system. The building block of every nation is knowledge,” he said.

He appealed to tertiary institutions to seize the opportunity, populate their websites with relevant data, and ensure students and staff are fully onboarded onto TERAS platform.

Earlier, Mr. Joseph Odo, director of ICT, TETFund, said interactive sessions at the workshop were designed to deepen understanding of the Fund’s digital platforms and improve collaboration among beneficiary institutions.

“This is part of our engagements with key stakeholders, registrars, librarians, ICT directors, repository managers, and academic planners, to ensure that everyone understands the interventions we are providing. The world is moving fast technology-wise, and we cannot afford to be left behind,” Odo said.

He explained that the sessions, which will hold across all six geopolitical zones, are focused on strengthening the use of TETFund-funded learning platforms, which aggregate data for planning and improve teaching, research, and learning outcomes.

Odo added that TERAS is evolving into “an educational lifestyle” that caters to students, lecturers, administrators, and even government planners.

 


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