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How and Why Terrorism Financing Thrive

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A month long investigation by Nigeria CommunicationsWeek has revealed the vulnerability of credit cards to misuse for terrorist financing purposes and other illegal activities.

The investigation found that card scheme is now a favoured tool of terrorists in Nigeria, enabling them to fund their reign of terror and mayhem through money laundering operations on the pretext of carrying out the same everyday transactions that law-abiding citizens enjoy.

Because of this, the effort to deepen the nation’s financial system stability will remain an idle fancy unless the monetary authorities install effective monitoring windows to checkmate the operation of e-payment schemes in the country.

Nigeria CommunicationsWeek gathered that billions of Naira are converted into different currencies of the world every day through the routing of transactions through foreign card schemes and e-payment systems.

Card schemes – Verve; Visa; and MasterCard, are the owners of the payment scheme, into which a bank or any other eligible financial institution can become a member.

All the schemes cleared by international clearing houses.

Nigeria CommunicationsWeek gathered a card issued by a local bank allows the cardholder to withdraw allowable daily ATM transactions according to card type and limits in all locations of the world daily, without any restrictions once the account is in credit and also limitless spending on point of sale transactions worldwide without any restriction once the account is funded in Naira.

This in effects creates a vacuum in the e-Payment space which terrorist organizations exploit to procure military wares and feed their terror cells.

In many countries, the card schemes are tied to the domiciliary account (which are usually in currencies like the dollars, pounds, Euro or yen) of their holders.

Nigeria CommunicationsWeek gathered that in Nigeria, debit cards denominated in Naira (a hardly convertible currency), are used for cross-border transactions in other currencies of the world outside the country.

They are accepted worldwide as a means of payment for goods and services at more than 32.7million MasterCard/Visa locations and over 1.9million ATMs in more than 210 countries to conduct trans-border transactions from Naira denominated accounts worldwide without going through the protocols of foreign exchange acquisition under the controls of the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN). 

This is clear violation of Nigeria’s foreign exchange policy.

Some “smart” Nigerians have also exploited the gap to buy up best and most expensive properties in choice places in Dubai, Europe and North America.

Nigeria CommunicationsWeek gathered that while the CBN, the National Assembly and the Presidency look elsewhere, some unscrupulous Nigerians and their foreign counterparts are cashing in on the nation’s porous payment system and destroying the foreign reserve.

Experts said that Nigeria can only check the menace with a national Naira Euro, MasterCard and Visa (EMV) compatible chip with national payment scheme to be called “Naira Pay” EMV-so called because it will create an interoperable uniform standard chip for all Nigerian financial institutions.

This scheme, Nigeria CommunicationsWeek gathered was proposed by a local firm but authorities at the CBN turned it down for reasons best know to them.

Many countries especially those in Asia have adopted the local scheme based on each country’s monetary policies and objectives.

Nigeria CommunicationsWeek gathered  that Malaysia’s migration to  EMV domestic chip  based  cards  was designed  to establish links  with other four  neighbouring  countries (Indonesia , Thailand ,Singapore and China) to facilitate cross-border ATM cash withdrawal transactions.

In India and China, they controlled their local currency by creating “Rupay” and “Chinapay” payment systems and allowed the use of Visa/MasterCards to be tied to only domiciliary accounts.

These countries have also adopted their individual migration through the creation of their national EMV standard chips.


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E-Financial

NIBBS: Banks Close 29.4m Accounts, Dormant Accounts Hit 33.39m

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Banks in Nigeria closed 29.4 million accounts as of March 2025, according to the latest report by the Nigerian Interbank Settlement System (NIBSS).

NIBBS: Banks Close 29.4m Accounts, Dormant Accounts Hit 33.39m

The figure represents a sharp year-on-year increase of 30.43 per cent from the 22.54 million closed accounts recorded in March 2024.

It also reflects a steady rise in account closures over recent months, with 33.29 million closed accounts reported in February 2025 and 29.43 million in January.

The report also revealed a significant increase in dormant accounts, which surged to 33.39 million in March 2025, up from 19.79 million in the same period in 2024, a 71.3 per cent rise in inactive accounts over the past year.

Despite the spike in closures and dormant accounts, the number of active bank accounts rose from 219.64 million in March 2024 to 320.05 million in March 2025, representing an increase of over 100 million, or 45.7 per cent.

NIBSS defines a dormant account as one that has seen no deposit, withdrawal, transfer, or point-of-sale transaction for a period of six months.

The surge in account closures and dormancy follows the Central Bank of Nigeria’s directive issued in December 2023, mandating commercial banks to restrict Tier-1 accounts not linked to a Bank Verification Number (BVN) and National Identification Number (NIN) by March 1, 2024.

In response to the directive, BVN enrolment increased from 61.6 million in April 2024 to 66.23 million by July 2025, as more Nigerians rushed to meet the CBN’s compliance deadline.

 

 


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Cardoso, CBN Boss Risks Arrest over Alleged N5.2 Trillion Unremitted Funds

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The Joint Committee of the House of Representatives on Public Accounts and Public Assets has threatened to issue a warrant of arrest against Mr. Olayemi Cardoso, governor of the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN), over repeated failure to honour its invitations regarding the probe into non-compliance with the Fiscal Responsibility Act 2007 and Finance Act 2020.

Cardoso, CBN Boss Risks Arrest over AllegdedN5.2 Trillion Unremitted Funds

Olayemi Cardoso,, Gov, CBN

In a joint statement released on Friday and signed by Hon. Bamidele Salam and Hon. Ademorin Kuye,  chairmen of the committees, the lawmakers decried the CBN governor’s continued disregard for legislative summons.

The committee is investigating the non-remittance of operating surplus as well as the mismanagement of unclaimed dividends and dormant account balances.

According to the committee, the Office of the Auditor General for the Federation reported a liability of N5.2 trillion in unremitted operating surplus due to the federal government from 2016 to 2022; a claim corroborated by the Fiscal Responsibility Commission in a separate submission to the National Assembly.

The committee cited provisions of the Finance Act 2020, which mandate that unclaimed dividends from publicly listed companies and dormant bank account balances older than six years be transferred into the Unclaimed Fund Trust Fund. The fund is to be managed by a Governing Council led by the Minister of Finance and the Debt Management Office (DMO).

Contrary to this, the CBN maintains that the Financial Institutions Act 2020 empowers it to manage dormant balances.

However, the committee noted that the Attorney General of the Federation has issued a legal opinion affirming that the Finance Act 2020 remains the valid law guiding the management of such funds.

Following extensive submissions, the committee resolved that the CBN must remit N3.64 trillion, representing 70% of the undisputed N5.2 trillion operating surplus, within 14 days from receipt of its June 27, 2025, directive, pending final reconciliation of the disputed amount.

Additionally, the apex bank was directed to submit a detailed report on the total sum of unclaimed dividends and dormant account balances by June 30, 2025.

The CBN was also ordered to transfer these funds into the Unclaimed Fund Trust Fund within 14 days and furnish the House with evidence of the transaction.

The lawmakers expressed frustration that, despite the clear directives and ample time, the CBN governor has failed to respond or appear before the joint committee to provide an explanation.

“In view of this continued defiance, the Committee will be compelled to exercise its constitutional powers to compel Mr. Olayemi Cardoso to appear before it,” the statement warned.

 


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E-Financial

Moody’s Upgrades Ecobank’s Outlook to Stable

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Moody’s has upgraded the outlook on Ecobank Transnational Incorporated’s long-term issuer and senior unsecured debt ratings to stable from negative.

In the latest rating commentary, made available to media on Thursday, Moody’s also affirmed the pan-African banking group’s B3/Not Prime long- and short-term issuer ratings; B3 senior unsecured debt rating; b2 notional Baseline Credit Assessment and b1 Adjusted BCA.

ETI’s subsidiaries operate across 38 countries, including 35 African countries, and total assets of $28.9bn as of March 2025, details from the rating note highlighted. Moody’s said the decision to change the outlook to stable on the long-term issuer and senior unsecured ratings reflects ETI’s resilient financial performance.

The rating upgrade also takes into consideration higher dividends being upstreamed to ETI, resulting in lower double leverage and reduced refinancing risk.

The rating adjustment also reflects an expectation that the recapitalisation process of Ecobank Nigeria Limited will be completed by the end of 2025, with limited impact on the group’s financial fundamentals.

“The stable outlook also captures our expectation that a series of capital-boosting initiatives and actions to cure Ecobank Nigeria’s total capital position will be completed before the end of 2025”, according to the ratings agency.

In May 2025, ETI received shareholder approval to raise $250 million in Additional Tier 1 (AT1) capital and announced the launch of the transaction effective 9 July 2025, of which a portion is expected to be downstreamed to Ecobank Nigeria as AT1 capital during Q3 2025.

Ecobank Nigeria’s plan to raise $200m in AT1 capital was noted in the rating note. The ratings analysts said they consider

“We also note that Ecobank Nigeria’s recent successful offer to tender $150m of its February 2026 $300 million notes and consent to remove the capital adequacy ratio covenant from this bond’s terms alleviates risks of an event of default in Nigeria that would trigger cross default at the ETI level. Over the past year, ETI has shown resilience in its financial performance, which supports our change in outlook to stable. Liquidity risks are being moderated by the group’s gradually improving profitability during 2024 and Q1-2025.

“This has translated into a 22 per cent increase in dividends upstreamed to ETI during 2024, these being received from 22 dividend-paying subsidiaries compared to just 14 in 2021,” the rating commentary revealed.

In turn, albeit high, ETI’s double leverage ratio, which measures the liquidity risk taken on by the holding company, as a result of it borrowing in order to invest in the equity of its subsidiaries, has eased to 168 per cent as of December 2024 from 173 per cent in 2023.

Additionally, the stable outlook reflects reduced liquidity risk at the holding company level with the refinancing of short-term liabilities in 2024 with longer-term funding.

Moody’s said this is underpinned by demonstrated market access, notably through senior unsecured notes issuance of $400m in October 2024 and a tap increase of $125m in May 2025, maturing in October 2029.

ETI’s B3 long-term issuer ratings affirmation reflects the affirmation of the group’s b2 notional BCA; the affirmation of the group’s b1 adjusted BCA as captured by a one-notch uplift for affiliate support, reflecting Moody’s assessment of a moderate probability that the firm’s major institutional shareholders would extend support to the group. Moody’s said asset quality for the group has improved over recent years.

 


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