E-Financial
Why Nigeria Backed out OECD Tax Accord – FIRS

Nigeria has declined to endorse the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) Minimum Corporate Tax Agreement, according to the Federal Inland Revenue Service (FIRS), since it does not suit the country’s overall interests.

Mohammad Nami, executive chairman of FIRS, made this explanation at the Chartered Institute of Taxation of Nigeria’s recent tax conference (CITN).
Nami was responding to a comment made by Mr Aigboje Aig-Imoukhuede in his opening paper at the conference, in which he questioned the wisdom of Nigeria, along with three other countries, Kenya, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka, refusing to sign the OECD’s global minimum tax deal in response to the digital 4th industrial revolution.
In his welcome address, Adesina Adedayo, president. CITN, expressed concerns about Nigeria’s refusal to sign the 15-point Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development Base Erosion and Profit Shifting (OECD-BEPS) Action Plan, particularly action plans 5, 6,13, and 14, which he claimed formed the implementation of the OECD-BEPS Project 4 minimum requirements.
Nigeria’s use of reciprocal jurisdiction, he said, has its own consequences in terms of disrupting the global tax system.
However, Nami stated in his response that Nigeria’s cautious approach to the adoption of the (OECD)/ G20 Inclusive Framework two-pillar solution to the taxation of the digital economy is in the country’s best interests and will ensure that Nigeria does not miss out on potential revenue from the digital economy.
Nami explained why the agreement is unfair to Nigeria and developing nations in general by stating that the country was concerned about the impact that signing the agreement would have on the country’s tax structure and tax revenue creation after reviewing the terms of the agreement.
“There are grave concerns about how the rules would exacerbate the problems in our tax system.” To tax any digital transaction or multinational enterprise (MNE), for example, the company or enterprise must have an annual global turnover of €20 billion and a global profitability of 10%. That is a cause for concern. Because the majority of MNEs operating in our country do not fit these standards, we would be unable to tax them.
“Secondly, the €20 billion global annual turnover in question does not apply to a single accounting year; rather, the enterprise must generate €20 billion in revenue and maintain a 10% profit margin on average for four consecutive years; otherwise, the enterprise will never pay tax in our country, but in the country from which it originated, or its country of residence,” he added.
Finally, he pointed out that for Nigeria to apply the law, a global corporation must have generated at least €1 million in revenue from Nigeria within a year.
Nami believes that this is an unjust situation, particularly for domestic businesses that have a minimum revenue of N25 million (about €57,000) and are subject to Nigerian corporate income tax.
He went on to say that this rule will exempt a large number of multinational corporations from paying taxes in Nigeria.
In other words, even multinational corporations that currently pay taxes in Nigeria would stop paying taxes to us as a result of this rule.
Fourth, the FIRS Executive Chairman indicated that under the terms of the Two-Pillar Solution, in the case of a dispute between Nigeria and a Multinational Enterprise, Nigeria would be subjected to an international arbitration panel rather than Nigeria’s domestic court system.
“Even when the money is directly tied to a Nigerian member of an MNE group, which is typically liable to tax in Nigeria on its worldwide income and subject to Nigerian laws, it would be subject to international arbitration rather than Nigeria’s court system and laws.” We are concerned about receiving a fair bargain as a result of this procedure.
“More importantly, a dispute resolution process involving a Multinational Enterprise before an international arbitration tribunal outside the country would result in high legal fees, travel expenditures, and other incidental costs.” Nigeria will spend more, even if the tax revenue from such cases was not enough,” he stated.
On the possibility of Nigeria losing significant revenue if it does not sign the OECD Inclusive Framework rules for the taxation of the digital economy, the FIRS Executive Chairman stated that this was not a concern because the country had already proposed four solutions to the problem of digital economy taxation.
E-Financial
FCMB Turns Normal Banking into Rewards with New Mobile App Upgrade

First City Monument Bank (FCMB) has introduced a set of new features on its mobile app, led by a reward points system that turns everyday transactions into tangible benefits for customers.

With this update, FCMB shifts the focus from routine banking to value creation, giving customers a stronger reason to engage, transact, and stay within its digital ecosystem.
At the centre of the upgrade is the Reward Points feature, which allows customers to earn and redeem points on transactions made in the app. The more customers use the platform, the more value they unlock, creating a direct link between daily banking activity and real-life rewards.
Beyond the rewards, the enhanced app introduces a Regal Premium Lifestyle Subscription that offers users access to curated lifestyle benefits across travel, dining, and entertainment, plus a three-month free transfer for new-to-bank customers.
Customers can now access mutual fund investments directly within the app, helping them grow wealth without multiple platforms. This feature reinforces FCMB’s commitment to empowering customers with accessible financial tools.
To improve customer experience, the app now includes “Chat with Temi”, an intelligent in-app support feature that delivers instant assistance and quicker issue resolution.
Speaking on the update, Oladipo Alabede, divisional head, Payments and Solutions, said: “At FCMB, we are constantly innovating to meet the evolving needs of our customers. These features are designed to provide convenience, reward loyalty, and empower our customers to do more with their finances, right from their mobile devices.”
In line with its financial inclusion drive, FCMB has simplified account upgrades from Tier 1 to Tier 2, allowing customers to access enhanced banking services without visiting a branch.
Additionally, the introduction of instant virtual card request and activation ensures customers can immediately create and use secure digital cards for online transactions.
Adetunji Lamidi, divisional head, Personal Banking, emphasised the Bank’s digital transformation journey: “These upgrades reflect our technology-driven strategy to build a smarter, more intuitive banking platform. By integrating intelligent support systems like Temi and enabling instant services such as virtual card activation, we are redefining convenience and accessibility in banking.”
This comprehensive upgrade reflects FCMB’s ongoing commitment to innovation, customer focus, and digital excellence, positioning the mobile app as a one-stop platform for seamless, rewarding, and future-ready banking.
Customers are encouraged to update or download the FCMB Mobile App today from their app store to use these new features and take full control of their financial journey.
E-Financial
Despite Warnings, FG Draws Down $1.5Bn as First Tranche of FAB $5Bn Loan Deal

Nigeria has accessed the first tranche of its $5 billion derivatives financing arrangement with First Abu Dhabi Bank (FAB), drawing about $1.5 billion under the deal approved by the national assembly in March.

This is despite caution by the International Monetary Fund (IMF) against proceeding with the proposed $5 billion structured Total Return Swap (TRS) financing program with First Abu Dhabi Bank.
IMF said that the complex derivative-based financing agreements are often opaque and carry hidden financial risks.
According to Bloomberg on Friday however, the federal government received the funds in the past two weeks through a structured total return swap (TRS) transaction with the United Arab Emirates’ largest lender, citing people familiar with the matter.
On March 31, the national assembly approved President Bola Tinubu’s request to secure up to $6 billion in external borrowing.
The borrowing plan comprised two facilities from the United Arab Emirates (UAE) and the United Kingdom, including a structured TRS financing programme of up to $5 billion from First Abu Dhabi Bank.
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Tinubu had said the proposed borrowing would increase Nigeria’s public debt stock, which stood at $110.3 billion (about N159.2 trillion) as of December 31, 2025.
The drawdown comes despite concerns raised by Fitch Ratings over the financing arrangement.
Fitch warned that while such transactions can provide liquidity, diversify funding sources and lower borrowing costs, they often fall outside conventional debt-reporting frameworks and could weaken transparency and legislative oversight.
The rating agency also said the structure could expose Nigeria to additional foreign exchange risks if domestic bond yields rise or the naira depreciates.
Also, the International Monetary Fund has cautioned that the derivative-based financing arrangements are often opaque and complex, making it difficult to assess the full extent of governments’ debt obligations.
E-Financial
Paystack Unveils AI-powered Payments Tools

Paystack has launched Paystack Index, an experimental AI-powered payments tool, enabling users in Nigeria to complete everyday transactions through AI assistants such as ChatGPT and Claude.

The product allows users to buy airtime, send money via Zap by Paystack and order food from Chowdeck using simple text prompts. Instead of switching between multiple apps, users can instruct an AI assistant to execute transactions directly.
Paystack Index acts as a bridge between AI agents, merchants and Paystack’s payments infrastructure, while ensuring users retain control of authorised transactions.
The company said it does not store sensitive financial information such as card details, PINs or bank account credentials.
Developed with support from TSG Labs, Paystack’s innovation arm, the product builds on Paystack Checkout and Zap and forms part of the company’s broader work on AI-enabled commerce.
It is initially available to selected Zap users in Nigeria through an early-access beta programme and currently supports airtime and data purchases, wallet funding, money transfers and food orders.
Paystack said the launch reflects its belief that AI agents are emerging as a new interface for commerce, enabling users to move from prompts to real-world transactions.
Announced by co-founder and chief executive officer Shola Akinlade, the product positions AI assistants as execution layers for payments and commerce, rather than just tools for information and recommendations.
The launch comes amid rising AI adoption in Nigeria. According to a Google-Ipsos survey, 88% of Nigerians surveyed said they had used generative AI in the past year, while 62% said they used it for everyday tasks such as planning trips, meals or workouts.
The launch also follows Paystack’s recent restructuring under The Stack Group (TSG), which created dedicated business units for merchant payments, consumer transactions, banking services and emerging technologies.
Paystack plans to expand Paystack Index to more merchants, services and African markets, including Ghana, Kenya and South Africa, as it evaluates user behaviour and AI-powered checkout experiences.
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